Abstract
The demand for organic tomatoes is gaining momentum globally, especially for their nutritional quality, shelf-life, and yield sustainability. Similarly, the restoration of metal-contaminated soils and maintenance of soil health is getting momentum through the application of organic inputs and microbial inoculations in soils. The present study evaluates different concentrated organic inputs and biofertilizers with a minimal dosage (14.3% of the recommended dose of fertilizers or RDF) under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Organic treatments included mustard cake, goat manure, poultry manure, farmyard manure (FYM), neem cake, and biofertilizers (Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, or PSB). FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes. Organic inputs and inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB significantly reduced the concentration of Cd, Cr, and Pb from soils. The authors conclude that (a) the combined application of FYM and VC, and (b) the optimized mixture of bulky and concentrated organic inputs, 14.3% RDF, and the dual inoculation can improve the nutritional quality, minimize heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb), and overall, sustain tomato production in the hot semi-arid alluvial sandy loam soils. The optimized organic inputs with dual microbial inoculations harness the climatic conditions in tropical regions to facilitate better color and ripening, and other quality parameters leading to higher lycopene contents in tomatoes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
FYM and vermicompost significantly improved plant height and number of branches/leaves/fruits in tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Treatment
- FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1)e2
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruitse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM and vermicompost significantly improved carotenoids, lycopene and fruit weight in tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1)e2
- Outcome
- carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weighte2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM and vermicompost significantly improved yield, ascorbate peroxidase and total antioxidants in tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1)e2
- Outcome
- yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidantse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM and vermicompost significantly improved superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids and Vitamin C in tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1)e2
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin Ce2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM and vermicompost significantly improved shelf-life of tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1)e2
- Outcome
- shelf-lifee2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimized organic inputs with dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB significantly improved plant height and number of branches/leaves/fruits in tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDFe2
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere2symbiont - Second interactor
- PSBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruitse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimized organic inputs with dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB significantly improved carotenoids, lycopene and fruit weight in tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDFe2
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere2symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weighte2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimized organic inputs with dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB significantly improved yield, ascorbate peroxidase and total antioxidants in tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDFe2
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere2symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidantse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimized organic inputs with dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB significantly improved superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids and Vitamin C in tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDFe2
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere2symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin Ce2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimized organic inputs with dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB significantly improved shelf-life of tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDFe2
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere2symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- shelf-lifee2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e2“FYM (15 t ha−1) and vermicompost (VC 3.0 t ha−1) (T5), and the optimized inputs (containing the dual inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB, a mixture of organic inputs, and 14.3% RDF (T11) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/leaves/fruits, carotenoids, lycopene, fruit weight, yield, ascorbate peroxidase, total antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C, and shelf-life in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic inputs and inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB significantly reduced the concentration of Cd, Cr and Pb in soils.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Organic inputs and inoculation of Azotobacter and PSBe3
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3symbiont
- Outcome
- concentration of Cd, Cr, and Pb from soilse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Setting
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato production”
e1“under a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India”
e3“Organic inputs and inoculation of Azotobacter and PSB significantly reduced the concentration of Cd, Cr, and Pb from soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the combined application of FYM and vermicompost can improve the nutritional quality of tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- combined application of FYM and VCe4
- Outcome
- nutritional qualitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The authors conclude that (a) the combined application of FYM and VC, and (b) the optimized mixture of bulky and concentrated organic inputs, 14.3% RDF, and the dual inoculation can improve the nutritional quality, minimize heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb), and overall, sustain tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the optimized mixture of organic inputs, 14.3% RDF and dual inoculation can sustain tomato production in hot semi-arid alluvial soils.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- the optimized mixture of bulky and concentrated organic inputs, 14.3% RDF, and the dual inoculatione4
- Outcome
- sustain tomato productione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The authors conclude that (a) the combined application of FYM and VC, and (b) the optimized mixture of bulky and concentrated organic inputs, 14.3% RDF, and the dual inoculation can improve the nutritional quality, minimize heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb), and overall, sustain tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimized organic inputs with dual microbial inoculation are associated with higher lycopene contents in tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- optimized organic inputs with dual microbial inoculationse5
- Outcome
- lycopene contentse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Setting
- tropical regionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The optimized organic inputs with dual microbial inoculations harness the climatic conditions in tropical regions to facilitate better color and ripening, and other quality parameters leading to higher lycopene contents in tomatoes”
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See all 21 papers →8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.