Abstract
Apple Valsa canker, caused by the ascomycete fungus Valsa mali, is a severe disease threatening apple (Malus domestica) production, particularly in East Asia. The pH at the infection site decreases from 6.0 to around 3.5, facilitating fungal pathogenicity. This study explores the role of the sedolisin protease (VmTPP3) in V. mali pathogenicity. VmTPP3 is a critical pathogenicity factor in V. mali, as its deletion significantly reduces fungal pathogenicity. Using yeast 2-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays, we demonstrated that VmTPP3 interacts with plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (MdnsLTP1). Furthermore, MdnsLTP1 overexpression in apple stabilizes the abscisic acid (ABA) receptor (MdPYL4), preventing its degradation by VmTPP3 and subtilase (VmSpm1), thereby enhancing disease resistance. Protease assays revealed optimal pH activities for VmTPP3 and VmSpm1 at 3.5 and 4.0, respectively, suggesting a sequential deployment of these effectors during infection. These findings provide insights into the pH-dependent strategies of V. mali and highlight potential targets for improving apple resistance against Valsa canker.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Deletion of VmTPP3 significantly reduces fungal pathogenicity of Valsa mali on apple.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- deletione1
- Interactor
- V. maliCytospora malie1pathogen
- Gene
- VmTPP3e1
- Outcome
- fungal pathogenicitye1
- Direction
- significantly reducese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple Valsa canker, caused by the ascomycete fungus Valsa mali, is a severe disease threatening apple (Malus domestica) production”
e1“VmTPP3 is a critical pathogenicity factor in V. mali, as its deletion significantly reduces fungal pathogenicity”
Claim · model-written summary
VmTPP3 interacts with plant nonspecific lipid transfer protein MdnsLTP1 in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- MdnsLTP1e2
- Outcome
- interacts with plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteinse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple Valsa canker, caused by the ascomycete fungus Valsa mali, is a severe disease threatening apple (Malus domestica) production”
e2“we demonstrated that VmTPP3 interacts with plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (MdnsLTP1)”
Claim · model-written summary
MdnsLTP1 overexpression in apple stabilizes the ABA receptor MdPYL4.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- MdnsLTP1 overexpressione3
- Gene
- MdPYL4e3
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA) receptor (MdPYL4)e3
- Direction
- stabilizese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple Valsa canker, caused by the ascomycete fungus Valsa mali, is a severe disease threatening apple (Malus domestica) production”
e3“MdnsLTP1 overexpression in apple stabilizes the abscisic acid (ABA) receptor (MdPYL4)”
Claim · model-written summary
MdnsLTP1 overexpression prevents degradation of MdPYL4 by VmTPP3 and VmSpm1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- MdnsLTP1 overexpressione3
- Gene
- MdPYL4e3
- Outcome
- degradatione4
- Direction
- preventinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple Valsa canker, caused by the ascomycete fungus Valsa mali, is a severe disease threatening apple (Malus domestica) production”
e3“MdnsLTP1 overexpression in apple stabilizes the abscisic acid (ABA) receptor (MdPYL4)”
e4“preventing its degradation by VmTPP3 and subtilase (VmSpm1)”
Claim · model-written summary
MdnsLTP1 overexpression enhances apple disease resistance to Valsa canker.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- MdnsLTP1 overexpressione3
- Outcome
- disease resistancee5
- Direction
- enhancinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple Valsa canker, caused by the ascomycete fungus Valsa mali, is a severe disease threatening apple (Malus domestica) production”
e3“MdnsLTP1 overexpression in apple stabilizes the abscisic acid (ABA) receptor (MdPYL4)”
e5“thereby enhancing disease resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
VmTPP3 has optimal protease activity at pH 3.5.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- VmTPP3e6
- Outcome
- optimal pH activitiese6
- Value
- 3.5e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple Valsa canker, caused by the ascomycete fungus Valsa mali, is a severe disease threatening apple (Malus domestica) production”
e6“Protease assays revealed optimal pH activities for VmTPP3 and VmSpm1 at 3.5 and 4.0, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
VmSpm1 has optimal protease activity at pH 4.0.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- VmSpm1e6
- Outcome
- optimal pH activitiese6
- Value
- 4.0e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple Valsa canker, caused by the ascomycete fungus Valsa mali, is a severe disease threatening apple (Malus domestica) production”
e6“Protease assays revealed optimal pH activities for VmTPP3 and VmSpm1 at 3.5 and 4.0, respectively”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Cytospora mali · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.