Abstract
ABSTRAT The Valsa canker, caused by Valsa mali (V. mali), is a destructive disease of apple in Eastern Asia. Effector proteins are important for fugal pathogenicity. We studied a candidate effector VmPxE1 isolated based on the genome information of V. mali. By using the yeast invertase secretion assay system, VmPxE1 was shown to contain a signal peptide with secretory functions. VmPxE1 can suppress BCL2-associated X protein (BAX)-induced cell death with a high efficacy of 92% in Nicotiana benthamiana. The expression of VmPxE1 was up-regulated during the early infection stage and deletion of VmPxE1 led to significant reductions in virulence on both apple twigs and leaves. VmPxE1 was also shown to target an apple ascorbate peroxidase (MdAPX1) by the yeast two-hybrid screening, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation. Sequence phylogenetic analysis suggested that MdAPX1 was an ascorbate peroxidase belonging to a subgroup of heme-dependent peroxidases of the plant superfamily. The ectopic expression of MdAPX1 in the mutant of VmPxE1 significantly enhanced resistance to H2O2, while the presence of VmPxE1 seems to disturb MdAPX1 function. The present results provide insights into the functions of VmPxE1 as a candidate effector of V. mali in causing apple canker.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
VmPxE1 contains a signal peptide with secretory functions.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Interactor
- Valsa maliCytospora malie0pathogen
- Gene
- VmPxE1e1
- Outcome
- signal peptide with secretory functionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Valsa canker, caused by Valsa mali (V. mali), is a destructive disease of apple in Eastern Asia”
e1“VmPxE1 was shown to contain a signal peptide with secretory functions”
Claim · model-written summary
VmPxE1 expression is up-regulated during the early infection stage of V. mali on apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- early infection stagee3
- Interactor
- Valsa maliCytospora malie0pathogen
- Gene
- VmPxE1e3
- Outcome
- expression of VmPxE1e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Valsa canker, caused by Valsa mali (V. mali), is a destructive disease of apple in Eastern Asia”
e3“The expression of VmPxE1 was up-regulated during the early infection stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Deletion of VmPxE1 significantly reduced virulence of V. mali on apple twigs and leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae4
- Organ / stage
- twigs and leavese4
- Treatment
- deletion of VmPxE1e4
- Interactor
- Valsa maliCytospora malit0pathogen
- Gene
- VmPxE1e4
- Outcome
- virulencee4
- Direction
- significant reductionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“deletion of VmPxE1 led to significant reductions in virulence on both apple twigs and leaves”
t0“Valsa mali Pathogenic Effector VmPxE1 Contributes to Full Virulence and Interacts With the Host Peroxidase MdAPX1 as a Potential Target”
Claim · model-written summary
VmPxE1 targets the apple ascorbate peroxidase MdAPX1 in yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assays.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae5
- Interactor
- Valsa maliCytospora malit0pathogen
- Gene
- MdAPX1e5
- Outcome
- target an apple ascorbate peroxidase (MdAPX1)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“VmPxE1 was also shown to target an apple ascorbate peroxidase (MdAPX1) by the yeast two-hybrid screening, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation”
t0“Valsa mali Pathogenic Effector VmPxE1 Contributes to Full Virulence and Interacts With the Host Peroxidase MdAPX1 as a Potential Target”
Claim · model-written summary
MdAPX1 is an ascorbate peroxidase of the heme-dependent peroxidase subgroup of the plant superfamily, by sequence phylogenetic analysis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae5
- Gene
- MdAPX1e6
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase belonging to a subgroup of heme-dependent peroxidases of the plant superfamilye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“VmPxE1 was also shown to target an apple ascorbate peroxidase (MdAPX1) by the yeast two-hybrid screening, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation”
e6“Sequence phylogenetic analysis suggested that MdAPX1 was an ascorbate peroxidase belonging to a subgroup of heme-dependent peroxidases of the plant superfamily”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic expression of MdAPX1 in the VmPxE1 mutant significantly enhanced resistance to H2O2.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae5
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of MdAPX1e7
- Gene
- MdAPX1e7
- Compound
- H2O2e7
- Outcome
- resistance to H2O2e7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Qualifier
- in the mutant of VmPxE1e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“VmPxE1 was also shown to target an apple ascorbate peroxidase (MdAPX1) by the yeast two-hybrid screening, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation”
e7“The ectopic expression of MdAPX1 in the mutant of VmPxE1 significantly enhanced resistance to H2O2”
Claim · model-written summary
The presence of VmPxE1 seems to disturb MdAPX1 function.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae5
- Gene
- VmPxE1e7
- Outcome
- MdAPX1 functione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“VmPxE1 was also shown to target an apple ascorbate peroxidase (MdAPX1) by the yeast two-hybrid screening, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation”
e7“the presence of VmPxE1 seems to disturb MdAPX1 function”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Cytospora mali · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.