Abstract
The tall wheatgrass Thinopyrum ponticum has excellent saline–alkali tolerance and great potential for restoring saline–alkali land to enhance productivity. This study used the Thinopyrum ponticum cv. “Orbit” variety, which is widely planted in saline–alkali pastures, as the material and artificially simulated salt stress using 150 mM NaCl and 150 mM Na2SO4, respectively. The growth and physiological indexes of the leaves and roots of seedlings were measured after various treatment durations, and the transcriptomes of untreated and Na2SO4-treated leaves and roots were also analyzed after 24 h of treatment. The results showed that salt stress resulted in significant reductions in leaf relative water content in seedlings and inhibited root elongation growth, with Na2SO4 treatment producing a greater impact on plant growth than NaCl treatment. Salt stress significantly alters ion transport and distribution in Thinopyrum ponticum, characterized by pronounced Na+ accumulation and a concomitant decline in K+ uptake. Additionally, to adapt to salt stress, roots enhance their ability to absorb and transport essential cations, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+. RNA-Seq analysis identified 1682 and 2816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots under Na2SO4 stress, respectively, with 210 common DEGs. Enrichment analyses revealed that DEGs were primarily associated with redox homeostasis, ion balance, and signal transduction. Furthermore, transcription regulation analysis indicated the Thinopyrum ponticum can coordinate the activation of NAC/MYB/WRKY transcription factors, SA/ETH hormone signaling, and Ca2+ pathways in response to salt stress. In summary, this study systematically reveals for the first time the molecular mechanisms by which Thinopyrum ponticum responds to Na2SO4 stress through coordinated regulation of ion transport, transcription factor networks, and hormone-Ca2+ signaling pathways. Based on transcriptomic and protein–protein interaction analyses, nine key candidate genes for saline–alkali tolerance were identified, including UGT7472, JMT, T4E14.7, CAX5, CP1, PXG2 NAMT1, BON3, and APX7. These findings provide novel genetic resources and a theoretical foundation for breeding salt–alkali-tolerant crops.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced seedling leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticum
Thinopyrum obtusiflorumt0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress resulted in significant reductions in leaf relative water content in seedlings and inhibited root elongation growth, with Na2SO4 treatment producing a greater impact on plant growth than NaCl treatment”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress inhibited root elongation growth.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- root elongation growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress resulted in significant reductions in leaf relative water content in seedlings and inhibited root elongation growth, with Na2SO4 treatment producing a greater impact on plant growth than NaCl treatment”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 affected plant growth more than NaCl.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Treatment
- Na2SO4 treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- greater impacte0
- Comparator
- NaCl treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress resulted in significant reductions in leaf relative water content in seedlings and inhibited root elongation growth, with Na2SO4 treatment producing a greater impact on plant growth than NaCl treatment”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress caused pronounced Na+ accumulation.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorume0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Na+ accumulatione0
- Direction
- pronouncede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress significantly alters ion transport and distribution in Thinopyrum ponticum, characterized by pronounced Na+ accumulation and a concomitant decline in K+ uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress caused a decline in K+ uptake.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorume0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- K+ uptakee0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress significantly alters ion transport and distribution in Thinopyrum ponticum, characterized by pronounced Na+ accumulation and a concomitant decline in K+ uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots enhanced absorption and transport of Ca2+ under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Ca2+e0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots enhance their ability to absorb and transport essential cations, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots enhanced absorption and transport of Mg2+ under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Mg2+e0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots enhance their ability to absorb and transport essential cations, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots enhanced absorption and transport of Fe3+ under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Fe3+e0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots enhance their ability to absorb and transport essential cations, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots enhanced absorption and transport of Cu2+ under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Cu2+e0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots enhance their ability to absorb and transport essential cations, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA-Seq identified 1682 DEGs in leaves under Na2SO4 stress.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Na2SO4 stresse0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 1682e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA-Seq analysis identified 1682 and 2816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots under Na2SO4 stress, respectively, with 210 common DEGs”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA-Seq identified 2816 DEGs in roots under Na2SO4 stress.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Na2SO4 stresse0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 2816e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA-Seq analysis identified 1682 and 2816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots under Na2SO4 stress, respectively, with 210 common DEGs”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves and roots shared 210 DEGs under Na2SO4 stress.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Treatment
- Na2SO4 stresse0
- Outcome
- common DEGse0
- Value
- 210e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA-Seq analysis identified 1682 and 2816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots under Na2SO4 stress, respectively, with 210 common DEGs”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
DEGs were enriched for redox homeostasis, ion balance and signal transduction.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Outcome
- DEGse0
- Qualifier
- redox homeostasis, ion balance, and signal transductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enrichment analyses revealed that DEGs were primarily associated with redox homeostasis, ion balance, and signal transduction”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress activated NAC/MYB/WRKY transcription factors, SA/ETH hormone signalling and Ca2+ pathways in coordination.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorume0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- NAC/MYB/WRKY transcription factorse0
- Outcome
- activatione0
- Qualifier
- SA/ETH hormone signaling, and Ca2+ pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thinopyrum ponticum can coordinate the activation of NAC/MYB/WRKY transcription factors, SA/ETH hormone signaling, and Ca2+ pathways in response to salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine candidate genes for saline–alkali tolerance were identified.
- Taxon
- Thinopyrum ponticumThinopyrum obtusiflorumt0
- Gene
- UGT7472, JMT, T4E14.7, CAX5, CP1, PXG2 NAMT1, BON3, and APX7e0
- Outcome
- candidate genes for saline–alkali tolerancee0
- Value
- ninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nine key candidate genes for saline–alkali tolerance were identified, including UGT7472, JMT, T4E14.7, CAX5, CP1, PXG2 NAMT1, BON3, and APX7”
t0“Thinopyrum ponticum”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Thinopyrum obtusiflorumResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.