Abstract
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), belonging to the pathogenesis-related protein 14 family, participate in plant immune response to biotic stress. LTP1 from Vigna unguiculata was previously shown to be able to suppress infection by cowpea mosaic virus and soybean mosaic virus. However, whether cowpea LTP1 participates in the plant resistance to other plant pathogens remains unclear. The present study analyzed the role of LTP1 in plant resistance to eukaryotic pathogens. We observed that LTP1 overexpression in cowpea and tobacco significantly reduced the lesion areas and biomass of the fungus Botrytis cinerea and oomycete Phytophthora capsici. A protein lipid overlay assay showed that LTP1 bound phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate, but LTP1 3A , with three amino acids in the lipid-binding domain being mutated to alanine, lost its lipid-binding ability. Consistently, overexpression of LTP1 3A did not influence lesion area and pathogen biomass in cowpea and tobacco plants after inoculation with B. cinerea at 48 h postinoculation. LTP1 heterologous expression in tobacco induced a significant increase in intracellular calcium, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) levels, and abscisic acid contents, leading to more significant stomatal closure after B. cinerea infection. Overall, our findings suggest that cowpea LTP1 participates in the plant defense response through interacting with specific phospholipids, thereby interfering with pathological processes such as IP 3 -mediated calcium signaling and stomatal movement. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 overexpression reduced Botrytis lesion area and biomass in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- LTP1 overexpressione0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Gene
- LTP1e0
- Outcome
- lesion areas and biomass of the fungus Botrytis cinereae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LTP1 overexpression in cowpea and tobacco significantly reduced the lesion areas and biomass of the fungus Botrytis cinerea and oomycete Phytophthora capsici.”
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 overexpression reduced Phytophthora lesion area and biomass in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- LTP1 overexpressione0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie0pathogen - Gene
- LTP1e0
- Outcome
- biomass of the fungus Botrytis cinerea and oomycete Phytophthora capsicie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“LTP1 overexpression in cowpea and tobacco significantly reduced the lesion areas and biomass of the fungus Botrytis cinerea and oomycete Phytophthora capsici.”
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 bound phosphatidic acid.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Gene
- LTP1e0
- Compound
- phosphatidic acide0
- Outcome
- bound phosphatidic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A protein lipid overlay assay showed that LTP1 bound phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate”
t0“Cowpea Lipid Transfer Protein LTP1”
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 bound phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Gene
- LTP1e0
- Compound
- phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphatee0
- Outcome
- bound phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LTP1 bound phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate”
t0“Cowpea Lipid Transfer Protein LTP1”
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 3A lost lipid binding.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Gene
- LTP1 3Ae0
- Outcome
- lipid-binding abilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LTP1 3A , with three amino acids in the lipid-binding domain being mutated to alanine, lost its lipid-binding ability.”
t0“Cowpea Lipid Transfer Protein LTP1”
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 3A overexpression did not influence lesions or pathogen biomass after Botrytis inoculation.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- overexpression of LTP1 3Ae0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Gene
- LTP1 3Ae0
- Outcome
- lesion area and pathogen biomasse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of LTP1 3A did not influence lesion area and pathogen biomass in cowpea and tobacco plants after inoculation with B. cinerea at 48 h postinoculation.”
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 expression increased intracellular calcium in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- LTP1 heterologous expressione0
- Gene
- LTP1e0
- Outcome
- intracellular calciume0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LTP1 heterologous expression in tobacco induced a significant increase in intracellular calcium, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) levels, and abscisic acid contents”
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 expression increased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levels in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- LTP1 heterologous expressione0
- Gene
- LTP1e0
- Outcome
- inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LTP1 heterologous expression in tobacco induced a significant increase in intracellular calcium, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) levels, and abscisic acid contents”
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 expression increased abscisic acid in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- LTP1 heterologous expressione0
- Gene
- LTP1e0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LTP1 heterologous expression in tobacco induced a significant increase in intracellular calcium, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) levels, and abscisic acid contents”
Claim · model-written summary
LTP1 expression led to stronger stomatal closure after Botrytis infection.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- LTP1 heterologous expressione0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- more significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LTP1 heterologous expression in tobacco induced a significant increase in intracellular calcium, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) levels, and abscisic acid contents, leading to more significant stomatal closure after B. cinerea infection.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.