Abstract
With the growing shift toward sustainable and organic cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), the use of nutrient-rich aquaculture wastewater for irrigation presents a promising alternative to conventional practices, offering both environmental and agronomic benefits. This study aimed to assess the variation in the growth parameters, total phenolics, essential oil yield, and composition of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under different irrigation water quality treatments at two cuts. A greenhouse study was conducted using a completely randomized design with three treatments (T1: fertigation, T2: Biofloc wastewater, and T3: aquaculture wastewater) and three replicates. The study results showed significantly improved plant growth parameters, including plant height, number of side branches, fresh weight, and dry weight, in T1 compared with T2 and T3 in both cut 1 and cut 2. However, the phosphorus, potassium, and total phenolic contents in cut 2 were significantly higher in T3, followed by T2 and T1, respectively. The essential oil yield in cut 2 was higher than that in cut 1 across all the treatments. The three major essential oil constituents in all the treatments in both cuts were Artemisia ketone (30.42–47.15 %), Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (15.18–19.52 %), and γ-Eudesmol (4.26–10.17 %) and T3 contained the highest total percentage concentrations of these essential oil constituents compared with T1 and T2. Moreover, these constituents had good representation on the principal component as indicated by their high Cos2 values. The findings of this study add new knowledge to the greenhouse cultivation of rosemary under organic production, and irrigation of aquaculture wastewater enhances the concentration of certain bioactive compounds in rosemary.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fertigation improved rosemary height, branches, fresh weight and dry weight relative to both wastewater treatments in both cuts.
- Taxon
- rosemary
Salvia rosmarinuse2 - Treatment
- T1: fertigatione1
- Outcome
- plant height, number of side branches, fresh weight, and dry weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- T2: Biofloc wastewater, and T3: aquaculture wastewatere1
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly improved plant growth parameters, including plant height, number of side branches, fresh weight, and dry weight, in T1 compared with T2 and T3 in both cut 1 and cut 2.”
e1“T1: fertigation, T2: Biofloc wastewater, and T3: aquaculture wastewater”
e2“rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquaculture wastewater gave the highest phosphorus, potassium and total phenolic contents in cut 2, followed by biofloc wastewater and fertigation.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse2
- Organ / stage
- cut 2e0
- Treatment
- T3: aquaculture wastewatere1
- Outcome
- phosphorus, potassium, and total phenolic contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- T2: Biofloc wastewatere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phosphorus, potassium, and total phenolic contents in cut 2 were significantly higher in T3, followed by T2 and T1, respectively.”
e1“T1: fertigation, T2: Biofloc wastewater, and T3: aquaculture wastewater”
e2“rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil yield was higher in cut 2 than cut 1 across treatments.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Organ / stage
- cut 2e0
- Outcome
- essential oil yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cut 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The essential oil yield in cut 2 was higher than that in cut 1 across all the treatments.”
e1“rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Artemisia ketone was a major oil constituent at 30.42–47.15%.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Outcome
- Artemisia ketonee0
- Value
- 30.42–47.15 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Artemisia ketone (30.42–47.15 %), Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (15.18–19.52 %), and γ-Eudesmol (4.26–10.17 %)”
e1“rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol was a major oil constituent at 15.18–19.52%.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Outcome
- Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ole0
- Value
- 15.18–19.52 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (15.18–19.52 %)”
e1“rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
γ-Eudesmol was a major oil constituent at 4.26–10.17%.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Outcome
- γ-Eudesmole0
- Value
- 4.26–10.17 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“γ-Eudesmol (4.26–10.17 %)”
e1“rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquaculture wastewater yielded the highest combined percentage concentrations of the major oil constituents.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse2
- Treatment
- T3: aquaculture wastewatere1
- Outcome
- total percentage concentrations of these essential oil constituentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- T1: fertigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T3 contained the highest total percentage concentrations of these essential oil constituents compared with T1 and T2.”
e1“T1: fertigation, T2: Biofloc wastewater, and T3: aquaculture wastewater”
e2“rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Major essential oil constituents had high Cos2 values on the principal component.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Outcome
- Cos2 valuese0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these constituents had good representation on the principal component as indicated by their high Cos2 values.”
e1“rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.)”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.