Abstract
Mineral mining contributes 2.5% of the national GDP in Mexico. Minerals are extracted from soil, and residues are piled up in mine tailings. Sunflower plants are capable of accumulating hazardous heavy metals in their aerial organs with the assistance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Therefore, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the assisted extraction of lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) with Helianthus annuus in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to remediate a mine tailing in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. A random multifactorial block design experiment was established with 2 factors: AMF with three levels: Funneliformis mosseae (FM), the consortium Cerro del Metate (CM), and a control with no AMF, and the factor sunflower variety with 6 levels: Gigante Simple Amarilla (GSA), Belleza de Otoño (BO), colecta 4 (col4), sel25, sel35, and Victoria. Flowering, dried weight, height, stem diameter, leaves number, mycorrhizal colonization, heavy metal content in biomass (Pb and Zn), and translocation factor were evaluated, as well as the physicochemical properties of the mine tailing. Results showed that Gigante Simple Amarilla (GSA) is the biggest variety, and that mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis does not have an influence over growth. GSA-FM accumulates 40% more Zn than its control, and sel25-CM accumulates 55% more Zn than its control, yet Victoria with no AMF accumulated the most Zn of all the 18 combinations (2.23 ± 0.56 mg/kg), while BO-FM accumulates 84% more Pb than its control (Tukey, p ≤ .05) and has the highest Pb accumulation of all the combinations (3.21 ± 0.98 mg/kg). The physicochemical properties of the mine tailing showed acceptable fertility and low concentrations of Pb and Zn, therefore is not considered a health hazard.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Gigante Simple Amarilla was the largest sunflower variety.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Material
- Gigante Simple Amarillae0
- Outcome
- biggest varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that Gigante Simple Amarilla (GSA) is the biggest variety”
t0“Sunflower Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal symbiosis did not influence sunflower growth.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal fungi symbiosise0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- does not have an influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis does not have an influence over growth”
t0“Sunflower Varieties Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSA-FM accumulated 40% more zinc than its control.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- GSA-FMe0
- Treatment
- FMe0
- Interactor
- AMFt0symbiont
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- its controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSA-FM accumulates 40% more Zn than its control”
t0“Sunflower Varieties Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
sel25-CM accumulated 55% more zinc than its control.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- sel25-CMe0
- Treatment
- CMe0
- Interactor
- AMFt0symbiont
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 55%e0
- Comparator
- its controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sel25-CM accumulates 55% more Zn than its control”
t0“Sunflower Varieties Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Victoria without AMF accumulated the most zinc, 2.23 ± 0.56 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Victoriae0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- moste0
- Value
- 2.23 ± 0.56 mg/kge0
- Qualifier
- no AMFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Victoria with no AMF accumulated the most Zn of all the 18 combinations (2.23 ± 0.56 mg/kg)”
t0“Sunflower Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
BO-FM accumulated 84% more lead than its control.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- BO-FMe0
- Treatment
- FMe0
- Interactor
- AMFt0symbiont
- Outcome
- Pbe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 84%e0
- Comparator
- its controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BO-FM accumulates 84% more Pb than its control (Tukey, p ≤ .05)”
t0“Sunflower Varieties Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
BO-FM had the highest lead accumulation, 3.21 ± 0.98 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- BO-FMe0
- Interactor
- AMFt0symbiont
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.21 ± 0.98 mg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BO-FM accumulates 84% more Pb than its control (Tukey, p ≤ .05) and has the highest Pb accumulation of all the combinations (3.21 ± 0.98 mg/kg)”
t0“Sunflower Varieties Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)”
The same questions in other papers
Funneliformis mosseae · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
mycorrhiza · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.