Abstract
Abstract This study appraised the potential of citrulline (CTL) seed priming in mitigating nickel (Ni) toxicity in rice cultivars. Plants were subjected to Ni toxicity (80 and 100 mg kg–1) with or without CTL seed priming (1, 1.5, and 2 mM). The results revealed that Ni-exposed plants exhibited substantial Ni uptake and accumulation in roots and leaves, leading to severe phytotoxicity. Excess Ni triggered oxidative stress by increasing the production of superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide, alongside a surge in oxidized glutathione levels and lipoxygenase activity. This oxidative imbalance significantly compromised membrane integrity, as indicated by excessive malondialdehyde accumulation and heightened electrolyte leakage. Nickel toxicity augmented methylglyoxal (MG) production, aggravating cellular damage. Plants under Ni toxicity displayed drop in leaf relative water content and nutrient uptake. Nickel toxicity effects were more pronounced in the Ni-sensitive cultivar (PK-1121) than in the Ni-tolerant cultivar (Basmati-515). However, CTL lessened Ni accumulation in rice cultivars under Ni toxicity. Further, CTL improved activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase alongside levels of ascorbate, antioxidant pigments, which diminished oxidative stress. Citrulline enhanced endogenous reduced glutathione pool that facilitated MG detoxification in Ni-stressed plants. Citrulline increased osmolyte accumulation, which resulted in lower membrane damage and better water and nutrient acquisition. Higher endogenous hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide levels in CTL-treated plants further stimulated the antioxidant system of stressed plants. These results suggest that CTL application can be a potential strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of Ni in rice plants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel exposure increased accumulation in roots and leaves and caused phytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- Ni-exposede0
- Outcome
- Ni uptake and accumulation in roots and leavese0
- Direction
- substantiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ni-exposed plants exhibited substantial Ni uptake and accumulation in roots and leaves, leading to severe phytotoxicity”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nickel increased superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Excess Nie0
- Outcome
- production of superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excess Ni triggered oxidative stress by increasing the production of superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nickel increased oxidized glutathione and lipoxygenase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Excess Nie1
- Outcome
- oxidized glutathione levels and lipoxygenase activitye0
- Direction
- surgee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alongside a surge in oxidized glutathione levels and lipoxygenase activity”
e1“Excess Ni triggered oxidative stress”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel stress increased malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Nickel toxicitye1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde accumulation and heightened electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- heightenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive malondialdehyde accumulation and heightened electrolyte leakage”
e1“Nickel toxicity augmented methylglyoxal”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel toxicity increased methylglyoxal production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Nickel toxicitye0
- Outcome
- methylglyoxal (MG) productione0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nickel toxicity augmented methylglyoxal (MG) production”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel toxicity decreased leaf relative water content and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Ni toxicitye0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- drope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants under Ni toxicity displayed drop in leaf relative water content and nutrient uptake”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel toxicity was more pronounced in PK-1121 than Basmati-515.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PK-1121e0
- Outcome
- Nickel toxicity effectse0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- Basmati-515e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nickel toxicity effects were more pronounced in the Ni-sensitive cultivar (PK-1121) than in the Ni-tolerant cultivar (Basmati-515)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrulline reduced nickel accumulation under nickel toxicity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CTLe0
- Outcome
- Ni accumulatione0
- Direction
- lessenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CTL lessened Ni accumulation in rice cultivars under Ni toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrulline increased five antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CTLe0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferasee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CTL improved activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrulline increased ascorbate and antioxidant pigments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CTLe1
- Outcome
- levels of ascorbate, antioxidant pigmentse0
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alongside levels of ascorbate, antioxidant pigments, which diminished oxidative stress”
e1“CTL improved activities of superoxide dismutase”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrulline raised the reduced glutathione pool, facilitating methylglyoxal detoxification.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Citrullinee0
- Outcome
- MG detoxificatione0
- Qualifier
- enhanced endogenous reduced glutathione poole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Citrulline enhanced endogenous reduced glutathione pool that facilitated MG detoxification in Ni-stressed plants”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrulline increased osmolyte accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Citrullinee0
- Outcome
- osmolyte accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Citrulline increased osmolyte accumulation”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased osmolytes were linked to less membrane damage and better water and nutrient acquisition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- lower membrane damage and better water and nutrient acquisitione0
- Qualifier
- osmolyte accumulatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which resulted in lower membrane damage and better water and nutrient acquisition”
e1“Citrulline increased osmolyte accumulation”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrulline-treated plants had higher hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide levels, stimulating antioxidant systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CTL-treatede0
- Outcome
- antioxidant systeme0
- Qualifier
- Higher endogenous hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher endogenous hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide levels in CTL-treated plants further stimulated the antioxidant system of stressed plants”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose citrulline application to alleviate nickel effects in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CTL applicatione0
- Outcome
- alleviate the adverse effects of Nie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CTL application can be a potential strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of Ni in rice plants”
The same questions in other papers
nickel atom · physiology: enzyme activity · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
nickel atom · physiology: water · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
nickel atom · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →heavy metal · physiology: water · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →heavy metal · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
21 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.