Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out at The Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt during 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 seasons to assess the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis as a biological control agent in reducing the incidence and severity of viral infections (BYMV) in faba bean and its effects on vegetative growth. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse over two consecutive seasons using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates, with foliar application of B. subtilis at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L, along with a control significantly improved the vegetative growth and yield of faba bean, especially when applied before viral infection. The 1.5 g/L pre-infection treatment resulted in the highest level of effectiveness among all treatments. The results indicated that foliar application of B. subtilis extract increased values in plant height, number of pods, and pod weight during both seasons, suggesting strong preventive effects. In contrast, virus-infected plants without treatment had the lowest performance across all traits. Treatments applied for post- infection gave moderate improvements but were less effective than preventive applications. These findings highlight the role of B. subtilis as a biocontrol agent that enhances plant immunity and growth under stress. It is recommended to apply B. subtilis preventively at 1.5 g/L for optimal protection and productivity in faba bean cultivation. ELISA is a sensitive and reliable technique used to detect viral infections in plants by measuring viral protein concentrations. It helps evaluate the effectiveness of biological treatments in reducing virus presence
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of Bacillus subtilis at 0.5 to 2.0 g/L compared with a control improved the vegetative growth and yield of faba bean, especially when applied before viral infection.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae1 - Treatment
- foliar application of B. subtilis at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/Le2
- Interactor
- BYMV
Bean yellow mosaic viruse3pathogen - Second interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- vegetative growth and yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- a controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba)”
e1“along with a control significantly improved the vegetative growth and yield of faba bean, especially when applied before viral infection”
e2“foliar application of B. subtilis at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L”
e3“viral infections (BYMV)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1.5 g/L pre-infection treatment resulted in the highest level of effectiveness among all treatments in faba bean.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- 1.5 g/L pre-infection treatmente1
- Outcome
- level of effectivenesse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- all treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba)”
e1“The 1.5 g/L pre-infection treatment resulted in the highest level of effectiveness among all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of B. subtilis extract increased plant height, number of pods and pod weight of faba bean during both seasons.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of B. subtilis extracte1
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant height, number of pods, and pod weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba)”
e1“foliar application of B. subtilis extract increased values in plant height, number of pods, and pod weight during both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus-infected faba bean plants without treatment had the lowest performance across all traits.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Outcome
- performance across all traitse1
- Direction
- loweste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba)”
e1“virus-infected plants without treatment had the lowest performance across all traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-infection treatments gave moderate improvements in faba bean but were less effective than preventive applications.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Treatments applied for post- infectione1
- Outcome
- moderate improvementse1
- Direction
- less effectivee1
- Comparator
- preventive applicationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba)”
e1“Treatments applied for post- infection gave moderate improvements but were less effective than preventive applications”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend applying B. subtilis preventively at 1.5 g/L for optimal protection and productivity in faba bean cultivation.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Outcome
- optimal protection and productivitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba)”
e1“It is recommended to apply B. subtilis preventively at 1.5 g/L for optimal protection and productivity in faba bean cultivation”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · yield · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · yield · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
109 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →application · Bean yellow mosaic virus · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →botanical · yield · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
27 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.