Abstract
Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally. Due to the rising concerns over the overuse of synthetic insecticides, there is an increasing demand for safer and more sustainable alternatives. This study evaluated the efficacy of various chemical and biorational insecticides: neem (5 mL L⁻¹), timur extract (5 g L⁻¹), Btk + S. spinosa (2 mL L⁻¹), spinosad (0.3 mL L⁻¹), emamectin benzoate + abamectin (0.4 g L⁻¹), and chlorantraniliprole (0.4 mL L⁻¹) against fall armyworm under both laboratory and field conditions, with water spray serving as a control. Laboratory bioassays were conducted using a leaf dip method in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications per treatment and 20 larvae per replication (total = 560 larvae). Leaves were dipped in each insecticide solution at recommended concentrations. Complete mortality within 12 h was observed for Btk + S. spinosa, spinosad, and Ema. + Aba., while chlorantraniliprole and neem required 42 and 84 h, respectively. Field trials followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replications. Insecticides were applied at specific label-recommended rates at 25, 35, and 45 days after sowing (DAS) when infestation exceeded the economic threshold level. Ema. + Aba., chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad significantly reduced larval population and foliar damage, while enhancing maize growth and yield. These findings suggest that selected insecticides, particularly spinosad, Ema. + Aba., and chlorantraniliprole, are effective and economically viable options for integrated fall armyworm management in maize.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Btk + S. spinosa gave complete mortality of fall armyworm larvae within 12 h, compared to water spray.
- Treatment
- Btk + S. spinosae1
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- Complete mortalitye1
- Value
- within 12 he1
- Comparator
- water spraye2
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally”
e1“Complete mortality within 12 h was observed for Btk + S. spinosa, spinosad, and Ema. + Aba., while chlorantraniliprole and neem required 42 and 84 h, respectively”
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad gave complete mortality of fall armyworm larvae within 12 h, compared to water spray.
- Treatment
- spinosade1
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- Complete mortalitye1
- Value
- within 12 he1
- Comparator
- water spraye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally”
e1“Complete mortality within 12 h was observed for Btk + S. spinosa, spinosad, and Ema. + Aba., while chlorantraniliprole and neem required 42 and 84 h, respectively”
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate + abamectin gave complete mortality of fall armyworm larvae within 12 h, compared to water spray.
- Treatment
- Ema. + Aba.e1
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- Complete mortalitye1
- Value
- within 12 he1
- Comparator
- water spraye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally”
e1“Complete mortality within 12 h was observed for Btk + S. spinosa, spinosad, and Ema. + Aba., while chlorantraniliprole and neem required 42 and 84 h, respectively”
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole required 42 h to give complete mortality of fall armyworm larvae, compared to water spray.
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprolee1
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- Complete mortalitye1
- Direction
- requirede1
- Value
- 42e1
- Comparator
- water spraye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally”
e1“Complete mortality within 12 h was observed for Btk + S. spinosa, spinosad, and Ema. + Aba., while chlorantraniliprole and neem required 42 and 84 h, respectively”
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem required 84 h to give complete mortality of fall armyworm larvae, compared to water spray.
- Treatment
- neeme1
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- Complete mortalitye1
- Direction
- requirede1
- Value
- 84e1
- Comparator
- water spraye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally”
e1“Complete mortality within 12 h was observed for Btk + S. spinosa, spinosad, and Ema. + Aba., while chlorantraniliprole and neem required 42 and 84 h, respectively”
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate + abamectin significantly reduced fall armyworm larval population and foliar damage in maize field trials.
- Treatment
- Ema. + Aba.e4
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- larval population and foliar damagee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- water spraye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally”
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
e4“Ema. + Aba., chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad significantly reduced larval population and foliar damage, while enhancing maize growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole significantly reduced fall armyworm larval population and foliar damage in maize field trials.
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprolee4
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- larval population and foliar damagee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- water spraye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally”
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
e4“Ema. + Aba., chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad significantly reduced larval population and foliar damage, while enhancing maize growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad significantly reduced fall armyworm larval population and foliar damage in maize field trials.
- Treatment
- spinosade4
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- larval population and foliar damagee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- water spraye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally”
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
e4“Ema. + Aba., chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad significantly reduced larval population and foliar damage, while enhancing maize growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate + abamectin enhanced maize growth and yield in field trials.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
e4“Ema. + Aba., chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad significantly reduced larval population and foliar damage, while enhancing maize growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole enhanced maize growth and yield in field trials.
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprolee4
- Outcome
- maize growth and yielde4
- Direction
- enhancinge4
- Comparator
- water spraye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
e4“Ema. + Aba., chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad significantly reduced larval population and foliar damage, while enhancing maize growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad enhanced maize growth and yield in field trials.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“with water spray serving as a control”
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
e4“Ema. + Aba., chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad significantly reduced larval population and foliar damage, while enhancing maize growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend spinosad, emamectin benzoate + abamectin and chlorantraniliprole as effective and economically viable options for integrated fall armyworm management in maize.
- Outcome
- effective and economically viable options for integrated fall armyworm managemente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
e5“are effective and economically viable options for integrated fall armyworm management in maize”
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