Abstract
AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) production is affected by severe weed infestation due to frequent rainfall during wet season (Kharif) and inadequate interculture practices adoption by farmers. Thus, alternative integrated weed management practices need to be developed for effective management of weeds in maize. Hence, an experiment was conducted, during 2020-21 and 2021-22, using strip plot design with ten planting methods in main plots and four weed control treatments in sub plots. Greater grassy, broad-leaved and sedges density reduction along with maximum wheat and maize yield was observed with the raised bed wide bed planting with paddy residue (6 t/ha) fb zero till (ZT) wheat reshaping of beds, compared to sowing of maize with pneumatic planter without residues fb ZT wheat which had maximum density of all types of weeds. Surface mulching of paddy residue and sowing of maize on raised bed wide bed planting fb ZT wheat reshaping of beds reduced grassy (86.0-89.0%), broad-leaved weeds (44.8-50.8%) and sedges (80.2-83.5%) density significantly as compared to the same planting methods without surface mulching. The higher reduction in weed biomass of grassy (79.3-80.7%), broad-leaved weeds (82.4-84.1%) and sedges (82.7-87.8%), in comparison to weedy check, was recorded with tembotrione 120 g/ha. Tembotrione 120 g/ha PoE at 15 DAS recorded the highest gross returns, net returns and highest B:C ratio, due to the lowest cost of cultivation, during both years of study.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed wide bed planting with paddy residue and subsequent zero till wheat gave greater reduction of grassy, broad-leaved and sedge weeds.
- Treatment
- raised bed wide bed planting with paddy residue (6 t/ha) fb zero till (ZT) wheat reshaping of bedse0
- Interactor
- weedse0
- Outcome
- grassy, broad-leaved and sedges density reductione0
- Direction
- Greatere0
- Comparator
- sowing of maize with pneumatic planter without residues fb ZT wheate0
Zea maysNot reportedInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater grassy, broad-leaved and sedges density reduction along with maximum wheat and maize yield was observed with the raised bed wide bed planting with paddy residue (6 t/ha) fb zero till (ZT) wheat reshaping of beds, compared to sowing of maize with pneumatic planter without residues fb ZT wheat which had maximum density of all types of weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The raised bed and residue sequence produced maximum wheat and maize yield compared with pneumatic sowing without residues.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- raised bed wide bed planting with paddy residue (6 t/ha) fb zero till (ZT) wheat reshaping of bedse0
- Outcome
- wheat and maize yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- sowing of maize with pneumatic planter without residues fb ZT wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum wheat and maize yield was observed with the raised bed wide bed planting with paddy residue (6 t/ha) fb zero till (ZT) wheat reshaping of beds, compared to sowing of maize with pneumatic planter without residues fb ZT wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue mulching reduced grassy weed density by 86.0-89.0% relative to the same planting methods without mulch.
- Treatment
- Surface mulching of paddy residuee0
- Interactor
- grassye0
- Outcome
- grassye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 86.0-89.0%e0
- Comparator
- the same planting methods without surface mulchinge0
Not reportedInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Surface mulching of paddy residue and sowing of maize on raised bed wide bed planting fb ZT wheat reshaping of beds reduced grassy (86.0-89.0%), broad-leaved weeds (44.8-50.8%) and sedges (80.2-83.5%) density significantly as compared to the same planting methods without surface mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue mulching reduced broad-leaved weed density by 44.8-50.8% relative to no mulch.
- Treatment
- Surface mulching of paddy residuee0
- Interactor
- broad-leaved weedse0
- Outcome
- broad-leaved weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 44.8-50.8%e0
- Comparator
- the same planting methods without surface mulchinge0
Not reportedInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Surface mulching of paddy residue and sowing of maize on raised bed wide bed planting fb ZT wheat reshaping of beds reduced grassy (86.0-89.0%), broad-leaved weeds (44.8-50.8%) and sedges (80.2-83.5%) density significantly as compared to the same planting methods without surface mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue mulching reduced sedge density by 80.2-83.5% relative to no mulch.
- Treatment
- Surface mulching of paddy residuee0
- Outcome
- sedgese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 80.2-83.5%e0
- Comparator
- the same planting methods without surface mulchinge0
CarexNot reportedInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Surface mulching of paddy residue and sowing of maize on raised bed wide bed planting fb ZT wheat reshaping of beds reduced grassy (86.0-89.0%), broad-leaved weeds (44.8-50.8%) and sedges (80.2-83.5%) density significantly as compared to the same planting methods without surface mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Tembotrione reduced grassy weed biomass by 79.3-80.7% versus the weedy check.
- Treatment
- tembotrione 120 g/hae0
- Interactor
- grassye0
- Outcome
- weed biomass of grassye0
- Direction
- higher reductione0
- Value
- 79.3-80.7%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Not reportedInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher reduction in weed biomass of grassy (79.3-80.7%), broad-leaved weeds (82.4-84.1%) and sedges (82.7-87.8%), in comparison to weedy check, was recorded with tembotrione 120 g/ha”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tembotrione reduced broad-leaved weeds weed biomass by 82.4-84.1% versus the weedy check.
- Treatment
- tembotrione 120 g/hae0
- Interactor
- broad-leaved weedse0
- Outcome
- broad-leaved weedse0
- Direction
- higher reductione0
- Value
- 82.4-84.1%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Not reportedInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher reduction in weed biomass of grassy (79.3-80.7%), broad-leaved weeds (82.4-84.1%) and sedges (82.7-87.8%), in comparison to weedy check, was recorded with tembotrione 120 g/ha”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tembotrione reduced sedges weed biomass by 82.7-87.8% versus the weedy check.
- Treatment
- tembotrione 120 g/hae0
- Outcome
- sedgese0
- Direction
- higher reductione0
- Value
- 82.7-87.8%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Not reportedInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher reduction in weed biomass of grassy (79.3-80.7%), broad-leaved weeds (82.4-84.1%) and sedges (82.7-87.8%), in comparison to weedy check, was recorded with tembotrione 120 g/ha”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tembotrione at 15 DAS produced the highest gross returns.
- Treatment
- Tembotrione 120 g/ha PoE at 15 DASe0
- Outcome
- gross returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- both years of studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tembotrione 120 g/ha PoE at 15 DAS recorded the highest gross returns, net returns and highest B:C ratio, due to the lowest cost of cultivation, during both years of study”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tembotrione at 15 DAS produced the highest net returns.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tembotrione 120 g/ha PoE at 15 DAS recorded the highest gross returns, net returns and highest B:C ratio, due to the lowest cost of cultivation, during both years of study”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tembotrione at 15 DAS produced the highest benefit to cost ratio.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tembotrione 120 g/ha PoE at 15 DAS recorded the highest gross returns, net returns and highest B:C ratio, due to the lowest cost of cultivation, during both years of study”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tembotrione at 15 DAS had the lowest cultivation cost.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tembotrione 120 g/ha PoE at 15 DAS recorded the highest gross returns, net returns and highest B:C ratio, due to the lowest cost of cultivation, during both years of study”
t0“maize”
The same questions in other papers
Triticum aestivum · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →tembotrione · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
69 papers more in this group
See all 73 papers →tembotrione · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
65 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →tillage · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →mulching · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
51 papers more in this group
See all 55 papers →tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 257 in the opposite direction · 41 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
1,410 papers more in this group
See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.