Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide; however, most toxicity studies utilizing plants have been conducted in aqueous solutions, thus overlooking the role of soil properties in modulating herbicidal effects. The aim of this study was to examine the phyto-, cyto-, and genotoxic responses following Allium cepa exposure to glyphosate-contaminated soil. This would thus address a critical knowledge gap regarding herbicide-initiated toxicity under realistic environmental conditions. Glyphosate concentrations were tested in a geometric series with a 2× ratio, ranging from 1 to 1024 mg a.i./kg of soil, based upon levels found in agricultural environments. The parameters examined included germination rate, root length, cell viability, mitotic index, and frequency of chromosomal alterations. Glyphosate concentrations ranging from 16 to 1024 mg a.i./kg inhibited root growth and damaged cell membrane integrity, whereas levels from 1, 4, and 128 mg a.i./kg increased cell division associated with reduced mitotic index at 512 mg a.i./kg. Genotoxic effects were observed from 4 to 1024 mg a.i./kg. While low and intermediate concentrations primarily triggered genotoxic effects, the highest concentrations (256 to 1024 mg a.i./kg) promoted marked cytotoxicity. These findings provide novel evidence that glyphosate in soil might induce biphasic and multiparametric responses in A. cepa, reinforcing the importance of using soil-based bioassays for environmental risk assessment.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 16–1024 mg a.i./kg inhibited root growth.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- Glyphosate concentrations ranging from 16 to 1024 mg a.i./kge0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate concentrations ranging from 16 to 1024 mg a.i./kg inhibited root growth and damaged cell membrane integrity”
t0“Allium cepa”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 16–1024 mg a.i./kg damaged cell membrane integrity.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate concentrations ranging from 16 to 1024 mg a.i./kge0
- Outcome
- cell membrane integritye0
- Direction
- damagede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate concentrations ranging from 16 to 1024 mg a.i./kg inhibited root growth and damaged cell membrane integrity”
t0“Allium cepa”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 1, 4 and 128 mg a.i./kg increased cell division.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 1, 4, and 128 mg a.i./kge0
- Outcome
- cell divisione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels from 1, 4, and 128 mg a.i./kg increased cell division”
t0“Allium cepa”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 512 mg a.i./kg reduced the mitotic index.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 512 mg a.i./kge0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced mitotic index at 512 mg a.i./kg”
t0“Allium cepa”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotoxic effects appeared from 4 to 1024 mg a.i./kg.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 4 to 1024 mg a.i./kge0
- Outcome
- Genotoxic effectse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotoxic effects were observed from 4 to 1024 mg a.i./kg”
t0“Allium cepa”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest glyphosate concentrations promoted marked cytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 256 to 1024 mg a.i./kge0
- Outcome
- cytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest concentrations (256 to 1024 mg a.i./kg) promoted marked cytotoxicity”
t0“Allium cepa”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.