Abstract
Potato production in the Andean highlands demands strategies that reduce dependence on synthetic inputs without sacrificing yield. We evaluated two microbial bioinputs—Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride—applied once pre-plant to seed tubers, under three organo-mineral fertilization regimes (0%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended NPK rate) in two cultivars (INIA 303-Canchán and Yungay) in field conditions in Ayacucho, Peru, using a randomized complete block, split-plot design (three replicates). Agronomic traits (plant height, root dry weight, stems per plant, tubers per plant, and plot-level yield) were analyzed with robust two-way ANOVA and multivariate methods. Combining microbial inoculation with 50% NPK sustained growth responses comparable to 100% NPK for key traits: in Yungay with T. viride, plant height at 50% NPK (≈96.15 ± 1.71 cm) was not different from 100% NPK (≈98.87 ± 1.70 cm), and root dry weight at 50% NPK (≈28.50 ± 0.28 g) matched or exceeded 100% NPK (≈16.97–22.62 g depending on cultivar–treatment). Notably, T. viride increased root biomass even without mineral fertilizer (≈27.62 ± 0.29 g in Yungay), while B. subtilis enhanced canopy vigor and stem number at full NPK (≈4.5 ± 0.29 stems). Yungay out-yielded INIA 303-Canchán overall (≈57.5 ± 2.5 kg vs. ≈42.7 ± 2.5 kg per plot). The highest yields occurred with B. subtilis + 100% NPK (≈62.88 ± 6.07 kg per plot), followed by B. subtilis + 50% NPK (≈51.7 ± 6.07 kg per plot). Plant height was the strongest correlate of yield (Spearman ρ ≈ 0.60), underscoring its value as a proxy for productivity. Overall, a single pre-plant inoculation with B. subtilis or T. viride can halve mineral fertilizer inputs while maintaining growth and sustaining high, cultivar-dependent yields in highland potato systems.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Yungay height with T. viride at 50% NPK was comparable to 100% NPK.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Material
- Yungaye0
- Treatment
- T. viridee0
- Interactor
- T. viride
Trichoderma viridee0symbiont - Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- not differente0
- Value
- ≈96.15 ± 1.71 cme0
- Qualifier
- ≈98.87 ± 1.70 cme0
- Comparator
- 100% NPKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Yungay with T. viride, plant height at 50% NPK (≈96.15 ± 1.71 cm) was not different from 100% NPK (≈98.87 ± 1.70 cm)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Root dry weight at 50% NPK matched or exceeded 100% NPK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 50% NPKe0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- matched or exceedede0
- Value
- ≈28.50 ± 0.28 ge0
- Qualifier
- ≈16.97–22.62 ge0
- Comparator
- 100% NPKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root dry weight at 50% NPK (≈28.50 ± 0.28 g) matched or exceeded 100% NPK (≈16.97–22.62 g depending on cultivar–treatment)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride increased Yungay root biomass without mineral fertilizer.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Yungaye0
- Treatment
- T. viridee0
- Interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee0symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- ≈27.62 ± 0.29 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. viride increased root biomass even without mineral fertilizer (≈27.62 ± 0.29 g in Yungay)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis enhanced canopy vigor at full NPK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- canopy vigore0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis enhanced canopy vigor and stem number at full NPK (≈4.5 ± 0.29 stems)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis enhanced stems at full NPK to about 4.5 stems.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- stem numbere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- ≈4.5 ± 0.29 stemse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis enhanced canopy vigor and stem number at full NPK (≈4.5 ± 0.29 stems)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Yungay outyielded INIA 303-Canchán.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Yungaye0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- out-yieldede0
- Value
- ≈57.5 ± 2.5 kge0
- Qualifier
- ≈42.7 ± 2.5 kg per plote0
- Comparator
- INIA 303-Cancháne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yungay out-yielded INIA 303-Canchán overall (≈57.5 ± 2.5 kg vs. ≈42.7 ± 2.5 kg per plot)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis plus full NPK gave the highest yield.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis + 100% NPKe0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- ≈62.88 ± 6.07 kg per plote0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest yields occurred with B. subtilis + 100% NPK (≈62.88 ± 6.07 kg per plot)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis plus 50% NPK yielded about 51.7 kg per plot.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis + 50% NPKe0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- ≈51.7 ± 6.07 kg per plote0
- Value
- ≈51.7 ± 6.07 kg per plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by B. subtilis + 50% NPK (≈51.7 ± 6.07 kg per plot)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height was the strongest yield correlate.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- Plante0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- ≈ 0.60e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height was the strongest correlate of yield (Spearman ρ ≈ 0.60)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Single inoculation may halve fertilizer while maintaining growth and high cultivar-dependent yields.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- halve mineral fertilizer inputs while maintaining growth and sustaining high, cultivar-dependent yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a single pre-plant inoculation with B. subtilis or T. viride can halve mineral fertilizer inputs while maintaining growth and sustaining high, cultivar-dependent yields”
t0“Potato”
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