Abstract
ABSTRACT A field study was conducted (2021–2022) that evaluated the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) strategies [60% and 80% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and plant growth regulators [PGRs; salicylic acid (SA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)] on fruit yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and physiological responses of pomegranate grown in shallow basaltic soils. Irrigation at 80% ETc combined with SA and NAA significantly increased fruit yield by 32% and 40% and improved WUE by 65% and 75% under DI and partial root‐zone drying (PRD), respectively. PRD outperformed DI, producing 8.56% higher yield and 6.25% higher WUE at the same irrigation level without PGRs. Physiological parameters such as the relative water content, membrane stability index (MSI), normalized difference vegetation index, photosystem II efficiency, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were strongly correlated with fruit yield ( r = 0.90–0.97). Under stress conditions, SA application increased the photosynthetic rate and MSI while reducing the leaf surface temperature by 6%, 8% and 2%, respectively, compared with those of untreated plants. Foliar application of SA (300 ppm) + NAA (45 ppm) under DI‐80 or PRD‐80 enhanced water productivity and fruit yield in pomegranates in challenging soil conditions in semiarid regions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Under DI at 80% ETc, SA and NAA increased fruit yield by 32%.
- Taxon
- pomegranate
Punica granatumt0 - Treatment
- 80% ETc combined with SA and NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation at 80% ETc combined with SA and NAA significantly increased fruit yield by 32% and 40% and improved WUE by 65% and 75% under DI and partial root‐zone drying (PRD), respectively.”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
Under PRD at 80% ETc, SA and NAA increased fruit yield by 40%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- 80% ETc combined with SA and NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation at 80% ETc combined with SA and NAA significantly increased fruit yield by 32% and 40% and improved WUE by 65% and 75% under DI and partial root‐zone drying (PRD), respectively.”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
Under DI, the combined treatment improved WUE by 65%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- 80% ETc combined with SA and NAAe0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation at 80% ETc combined with SA and NAA significantly increased fruit yield by 32% and 40% and improved WUE by 65% and 75% under DI and partial root‐zone drying (PRD), respectively.”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
Under PRD, the combined treatment improved WUE by 75%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- 80% ETc combined with SA and NAAe0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation at 80% ETc combined with SA and NAA significantly increased fruit yield by 32% and 40% and improved WUE by 65% and 75% under DI and partial root‐zone drying (PRD), respectively.”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
PRD produced 8.56% higher yield than DI at equal irrigation without PGRs.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- PRDe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.56%e0
- Qualifier
- at the same irrigation level without PGRse0
- Comparator
- DIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRD outperformed DI, producing 8.56% higher yield and 6.25% higher WUE at the same irrigation level without PGRs.”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
PRD produced 6.25% higher WUE than DI at equal irrigation without PGRs.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- PRDe0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.25%e0
- Comparator
- DIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRD outperformed DI, producing 8.56% higher yield and 6.25% higher WUE at the same irrigation level without PGRs.”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
Water status, canopy indices, chlorophyll and photosynthesis correlated strongly with fruit yield.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Qualifier
- r = 0.90–0.97e0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Physiological parameters such as the relative water content, membrane stability index (MSI), normalized difference vegetation index, photosystem II efficiency, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were strongly correlated with fruit yield ( r = 0.90–0.97).”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
SA raised photosynthetic rate by 6% under stress.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- SA applicatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, SA application increased the photosynthetic rate and MSI while reducing the leaf surface temperature by 6%, 8% and 2%, respectively, compared with those of untreated plants.”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
SA raised MSI by 8% under stress.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- SA applicatione0
- Outcome
- MSIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, SA application increased the photosynthetic rate and MSI while reducing the leaf surface temperature by 6%, 8% and 2%, respectively, compared with those of untreated plants.”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
SA reduced leaf surface temperature by 2% under stress.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- SA applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf surface temperaturee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 2%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, SA application increased the photosynthetic rate and MSI while reducing the leaf surface temperature by 6%, 8% and 2%, respectively, compared with those of untreated plants.”
t0“Pomegranate”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify SA plus NAA under DI-80 or PRD-80 as enhancing water productivity and fruit yield.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- SA (300 ppm) + NAA (45 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- water productivity and fruit yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of SA (300 ppm) + NAA (45 ppm) under DI‐80 or PRD‐80 enhanced water productivity and fruit yield in pomegranates in challenging soil conditions in semiarid regions.”
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