Abstract
Abstract The increasing prevalence of abiotic stresses, including high nighttime temperatures (HNT) and drought during the reproductive stage, poses a risk to global soybean production. Additionally, the influence of rising atmospheric CO 2 levels must be considered when addressing changes in temperature and drought conditions. In this study, two soybean genotypes, DS25-1 and DS31-243, were grown under control (0.15 m 3 m –3 volumetric soil moisture content (VWC) and 30/22 °C day/night temperature), HNT (30/26 °C day/night temperature), and drought (0.08 m 3 m –3 VWC) conditions at ambient (425 ppm, aCO 2 ) and elevated (725 ppm, eCO 2 ) CO 2 concentrations in sunlit plant growth chambers during flowering and pod development stages. The plants exposed to eCO 2 under control and drought conditions showed increased photosynthesis (DS25-1: 55 and 142%, and DS31-243: 77 and 61%) and non-photochemical quenching (DS25-1: 98 and 57%, and DS31-243: 67 and 126%) compared to aCO 2 . On average, the pods and seed numbers increased by 60% and 59%, respectively, under HNT and eCO 2 compared to HNT and aCO 2 . In contrast, the drought decreased pods and seeds by 43% across genotypes and CO 2 environments. This has resulted in a reduction in seed yield by 62% and 56% in DS25-1 and DS31-243, respectively, under drought conditions compared to the control. Under aCO 2 , the seed yield of DS31-243 was reduced by 42% under HNT compared to the control. The seed protein content was reduced under eCO 2 , while other treatments did not influence its content. The seed carbohydrate content decreased under the HNT condition, while the drought and eCO 2 did not influence its production. The stress conditions during seed development resulted in reduced polyunsaturation, while the oleic acid content increased. The study highlighted the positive impacts of eCO 2 on physiology and yield.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis in DS25-1 under control by 55%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe2 - Material
- DS25-1e0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 55e0
- Qualifier
- controle0
- Comparator
- aCO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants exposed to eCO 2 under control and drought conditions showed increased photosynthesis (DS25-1: 55 and 142%, and DS31-243: 77 and 61%)”
e1“compared to aCO 2”
e2“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis in DS25-1 under drought by 142%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Material
- DS25-1e0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 142%e0
- Qualifier
- droughte0
- Comparator
- aCO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants exposed to eCO 2 under control and drought conditions showed increased photosynthesis (DS25-1: 55 and 142%, and DS31-243: 77 and 61%)”
e1“compared to aCO 2”
e2“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis in DS31-243 under control by 77%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Material
- DS31-243e0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 77e0
- Qualifier
- controle0
- Comparator
- aCO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants exposed to eCO 2 under control and drought conditions showed increased photosynthesis (DS25-1: 55 and 142%, and DS31-243: 77 and 61%)”
e1“compared to aCO 2”
e2“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis in DS31-243 under drought by 61%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Material
- DS31-243e0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61%e0
- Qualifier
- droughte0
- Comparator
- aCO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants exposed to eCO 2 under control and drought conditions showed increased photosynthesis (DS25-1: 55 and 142%, and DS31-243: 77 and 61%)”
e1“compared to aCO 2”
e2“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased non-photochemical quenching in DS25-1 under control by 98%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Material
- DS25-1e0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 98e0
- Qualifier
- controle1
- Comparator
- aCO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-photochemical quenching (DS25-1: 98 and 57%, and DS31-243: 67 and 126%) compared to aCO 2”
e1“plants exposed to eCO 2 under control and drought conditions showed increased photosynthesis”
e2“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased non-photochemical quenching in DS25-1 under drought by 57%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Material
- DS25-1e0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 57%e0
- Qualifier
- droughte1
- Comparator
- aCO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-photochemical quenching (DS25-1: 98 and 57%, and DS31-243: 67 and 126%) compared to aCO 2”
e1“plants exposed to eCO 2 under control and drought conditions showed increased photosynthesis”
e2“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased non-photochemical quenching in DS31-243 under control by 67%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Material
- DS31-243e0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 67e0
- Qualifier
- controle1
- Comparator
- aCO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-photochemical quenching (DS25-1: 98 and 57%, and DS31-243: 67 and 126%) compared to aCO 2”
e1“plants exposed to eCO 2 under control and drought conditions showed increased photosynthesis”
e2“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased non-photochemical quenching in DS31-243 under drought by 126%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Material
- DS31-243e0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 126%e0
- Qualifier
- droughte1
- Comparator
- aCO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-photochemical quenching (DS25-1: 98 and 57%, and DS31-243: 67 and 126%) compared to aCO 2”
e1“plants exposed to eCO 2 under control and drought conditions showed increased photosynthesis”
e2“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 under HNT increased pod numbers by 60%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- HNT and eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- podse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Comparator
- HNT and aCO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pods and seed numbers increased by 60% and 59%, respectively, under HNT and eCO 2 compared to HNT and aCO 2”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 under HNT increased seed numbers by 59%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- HNT and eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- seed numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 59%e0
- Comparator
- HNT and aCO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pods and seed numbers increased by 60% and 59%, respectively, under HNT and eCO 2 compared to HNT and aCO 2”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased pods and seeds by 43% across genotypes and CO2 environments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought decreased pods and seeds by 43% across genotypes and CO 2 environments”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced seed yield by 62% in DS25-1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- DS25-1e0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction in seed yield by 62% and 56% in DS25-1 and DS31-243, respectively, under drought conditions compared to the control”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced seed yield by 56% in DS31-243.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- DS31-243e0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 56%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction in seed yield by 62% and 56% in DS25-1 and DS31-243, respectively, under drought conditions compared to the control”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
HNT reduced DS31-243 seed yield by 42% under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- DS31-243e0
- Treatment
- HNTe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Qualifier
- aCO 2e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under aCO 2 , the seed yield of DS31-243 was reduced by 42% under HNT compared to the control”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced seed protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- seed protein contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed protein content was reduced under eCO 2”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Other treatments did not influence seed protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seed protein contente0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed protein content was reduced under eCO 2 , while other treatments did not influence its content”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
HNT decreased seed carbohydrate content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- HNT conditione0
- Outcome
- seed carbohydrate contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed carbohydrate content decreased under the HNT condition”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and elevated CO2 did not affect seed carbohydrate production.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- drought and eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- seed carbohydrate contente1
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the drought and eCO 2 did not influence its production”
e1“The seed carbohydrate content decreased under the HNT condition”
e2“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress during seed development reduced polyunsaturation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- polyunsaturatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stress conditions during seed development resulted in reduced polyunsaturation”
e1“global soybean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress during seed development increased oleic acid content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- oleic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stress conditions during seed development resulted in reduced polyunsaturation, while the oleic acid content increased”
e1“global soybean production”
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