Abstract
Sugarcane smut, caused by the fungal pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum, leads to significant economic losses in the global sugarcane industry. Bio-organic fertilizers (BF) offer a promising and sustainable strategy to mitigate smut incidence and enhance sugarcane growth. While the application of BF is known to modulate root exudates and rhizosphere microbial community structure, thereby promoting disease resistance, the precise mechanisms underpinning BF-mediated suppression of sugarcane smut remain largely unclear. This study investigated the microbiological mechanisms of smut suppression using a pot experiment, comparing a novel BF treatment (composted substrate enriched with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus cereus, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, biochar, and calcium carbonate) with a control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer. BF application significantly increased plant height (by 95.2%), dry weight (137.5%), fresh weight (253.3%), and sugar content (43.1%) relative to the control. Furthermore, the BF treatment enhanced catalase activity by 167.8% and peroxidase activity by 102.3% in sugarcane leaves, while the control effectiveness against the incidence of smut disease reached 88.0%. Analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome revealed that BF application significantly altered microbial alpha- and beta-diversity. Specifically, the BF treatment notably enriched beneficial genera such as Pseudomonas and Meyerozyma. Beta-diversity analysis revealed distinct microbial community structures in BF-treated rhizosphere soil compared to the control. Correlation and random forest analyses identified Pseudomonas and Meyerozyma as key taxa that were positively associated with sugarcane growth parameters and negatively correlated with smut incidence. These findings elucidate the dual role of this novel BF in enhancing sugarcane growth and suppressing smut incidence through the strategic reshaping of the rhizosphere microbiome.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer increased sugarcane height by 95.2% versus conventional organic fertilizer.
Verbatim
e0“BF application significantly increased plant height (by 95.2%)”
e1“Sugarcane smut”
e2“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer increased sugarcane dry weight by 137.5%.
Verbatim
e0“BF application significantly increased plant height (by 95.2%), dry weight (137.5%)”
e1“Sugarcane smut”
e2“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer increased sugarcane fresh weight by 253.3%.
Verbatim
e0“BF application significantly increased plant height (by 95.2%), dry weight (137.5%), fresh weight (253.3%)”
e1“Sugarcane smut”
e2“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer increased sugarcane sugar content by 43.1%.
Verbatim
e0“BF application significantly increased plant height (by 95.2%), dry weight (137.5%), fresh weight (253.3%), and sugar content (43.1%)”
e1“Sugarcane smut”
e2“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer enhanced leaf catalase activity by 167.8%.
Verbatim
e0“BF treatment enhanced catalase activity by 167.8%”
e1“sugarcane leaves”
e2“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer enhanced leaf peroxidase activity by 102.3%.
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase activity by 102.3%”
e1“BF treatment enhanced catalase activity by 167.8% and peroxidase activity by 102.3% in sugarcane leaves”
e2“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer achieved 88.0% control effectiveness against sugarcane smut incidence.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanee1
- Treatment
- BF treatmente2
- Interactor
- Sporisorium scitamineum
Sporisorium scitamineume1pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of smut diseasee0
- Direction
- control effectivenesse0
- Value
- 88.0%e0
- Comparator
- conventional organic fertilizere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the control effectiveness against the incidence of smut disease reached 88.0%”
e1“Sugarcane smut, caused by the fungal pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum”
e2“BF treatment enhanced catalase activity”
e3“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer significantly altered rhizosphere microbial alpha and beta diversity.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee1
- Treatment
- BF applicatione0
- Outcome
- microbial alpha- and beta-diversitye0
- Comparator
- conventional organic fertilizere2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“BF application significantly altered microbial alpha- and beta-diversity”
e1“mitigate smut incidence and enhance sugarcane growth”
e2“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer enriched rhizosphere Pseudomonas.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee1
- Treatment
- BF treatmente0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- Pseudomonase0
- Direction
- enrichede0
- Comparator
- conventional organic fertilizere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BF treatment notably enriched beneficial genera such as Pseudomonas and Meyerozyma”
e1“mitigate smut incidence and enhance sugarcane growth”
e2“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer enriched rhizosphere Meyerozyma.
Verbatim
e0“BF treatment notably enriched beneficial genera such as Pseudomonas and Meyerozyma”
e1“mitigate smut incidence and enhance sugarcane growth”
e2“control receiving only conventional organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer produced distinct rhizosphere microbial community structures.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“distinct microbial community structures in BF-treated rhizosphere soil compared to the control”
e1“mitigate smut incidence and enhance sugarcane growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas and Meyerozyma were positively associated with sugarcane growth parameters.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee0
- Interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase0symbiont
- Second interactor
- MeyerozymaMeyerozymae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- positively associatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas and Meyerozyma as key taxa that were positively associated with sugarcane growth parameters”
e1“mitigate smut incidence and enhance sugarcane growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas and Meyerozyma were negatively correlated with sugarcane smut incidence.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanee1
- Interactor
- Sporisorium scitamineumSporisorium scitamineume1pathogen
- Second interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- smut incidencee0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- Meyerozymae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas and Meyerozyma as key taxa that were positively associated with sugarcane growth parameters and negatively correlated with smut incidence”
e1“Sugarcane smut, caused by the fungal pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum”
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