Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the promoting mechanisms of Bacillus proteolyticus (B. proteolyticus) on Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Maxim. (therm E. senticosus) root development. Using therm E. senticosus seeds as experimental material, soil was drenched with B. proteolyticus suspensions at different concentrations v/v (water, 25%; 50%; 75%, and 100%). The results showed that the germination rate, root tip number (52 ± 2.97), total root length (23.7 ± 0.46 cm), and total root volume (57.36 ± 1.64 mm3) exhibited an initial increase, then a decrease after B. proteolyticus treatment (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration was conducive to seed germination. Compared with CK, GC-MS analysis revealed that 16 differential primary metabolites were screened, primarily enriched in galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and TCA cycle pathways after 50% B. proteolyticus treatment. LC-MS analysis revealed that the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater. In rhizosphere soil, the contents of NO3−-N and NH4+-N were promoted, and the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes was increased in bacterial communities. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and the contents of NO3−-N and NH4+-N, as well as between total root length and D-galactose content, suggesting that these relationships may contribute to the root growth. Therefore, the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus. This study provided novel insight that B. proteolyticus would be expected to be developed as an effective microbial preparation, offering a sustainable strategy for its agricultural production.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus treatment caused an initial rise then fall in seed germination rate.
- Taxon
- E. senticosus
Eleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2 - Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticuse0e1e2symbiont
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the germination rate, root tip number (52 ± 2.97), total root length (23.7 ± 0.46 cm), and total root volume (57.36 ± 1.64 mm3) exhibited an initial increase, then a decrease after B. proteolyticus treatment (p < 0.05)”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus treatment caused an initial rise then fall in root tip number (52 ± 2.97).
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticuse0e1e2symbiont
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root tip number (52 ± 2.97), total root length (23.7 ± 0.46 cm), and total root volume (57.36 ± 1.64 mm3) exhibited an initial increase, then a decrease after B. proteolyticus treatment (p < 0.05)”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus treatment caused an initial rise then fall in total root length (23.7 ± 0.46 cm).
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticuse0e1e2symbiont
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total root length (23.7 ± 0.46 cm), and total root volume (57.36 ± 1.64 mm3) exhibited an initial increase, then a decrease after B. proteolyticus treatment (p < 0.05)”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus treatment caused an initial rise then fall in total root volume (57.36 ± 1.64 mm3).
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticuse0e1e2symbiont
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total root volume (57.36 ± 1.64 mm3) exhibited an initial increase, then a decrease after B. proteolyticus treatment (p < 0.05)”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil with 50% Bacillus concentration favored seed germination.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticuse0e1e2symbiont
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration was conducive to seed germination”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
After 50% Bacillus treatment, 16 differential primary metabolites were identified.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticuse0e1e2symbiont
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 differential primary metabolites were screened, primarily enriched in galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and TCA cycle pathways after 50% B. proteolyticus treatment”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Six medicinal components were higher after Bacillus treatment than CK.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticust1e1e2symbiont
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleutheroside E content was 2.62 times greater than CK.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticust1e1e2symbiont
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere soil NO3−-N content increased.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticust1e1e2symbiont
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rhizosphere soil, the contents of NO3−-N and NH4+-N were promoted”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere soil NH4+-N content increased.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticust1e1e2symbiont
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of NO3−-N and NH4+-N were promoted”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere Gemmatimonadetes abundance increased.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- GemmatimonadetesGemmatimonadotae0e1e2symbiont
- Second interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticust1e1e2symbiont
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes was increased in bacterial communities”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Gemmatimonadetes abundance correlated significantly with NO3−-N content.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- GemmatimonadetesGemmatimonadotae0e1e2symbiont
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant correlations between the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and the contents of NO3−-N and NH4+-N”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Gemmatimonadetes abundance correlated significantly with NH4+-N content.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- GemmatimonadetesGemmatimonadotae0e1e2symbiont
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant correlations between the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and the contents of NO3−-N and NH4+-N”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root length correlated significantly with D-galactose content.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“between total root length and D-galactose content”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude 50% Bacillus soil could enhance cultivated Eleutherococcus biomass and medicinal value.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosuse0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticuse0e1e2symbiont
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose developing Bacillus as a microbial preparation for Eleutherococcus production.
- Taxon
- E. senticosusEleutherococcus senticosust0e1e2
- Interactor
- B. proteolyticusBacillus proteolyticuse0e1e2symbiont
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. proteolyticus would be expected to be developed as an effective microbial preparation, offering a sustainable strategy for its agricultural production”
e1“the soil of B. proteolyticus at a 50% concentration could enhance both the biomass and medicinal value of cultivated therm E. senticosus”
e2“the contents of six main medicinal components were higher than those of CK, with the content of eleutheroside E being 2.62 times greater”
t0“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”
t1“Rhizosphere Bacillus proteolyticus Strain Enhances the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. Growth in Roots and Soil Nutrient Status While Enriching the Plant-Beneficial Bacteria in Rhizosphere”