Abstract
The effect of active packaging on maintaining the quality of cherry tomatoes and kale during storage was investigated. The active packaging consisted of kraft paper sheets coated with thymol/eugenol (50:50) encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin. Cherry tomatoes were stored at 10, 15, and 22 °C for 15, 14, and 8 days, respectively, while kale was stored at 2, 8, 15, and 22 °C for 21, 16, 9, and 7 days. Physicochemical (pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, colour, and firmness), microbiological (mesophilic, psychrophilic, enterobacteria, moulds, and yeasts) and pigment/bioactive/nutritional (chlorophylls, carotenoids, total phenolic content, vitamin C, and total antioxidant capacity) characteristics were analysed. Active packaging significantly reduced microbial growth, particularly enterobacteria and moulds, in cherry tomatoes and psychrophiles and moulds in kale, without negatively affecting the physicochemical quality. The microbial kinetics were successfully described using the Baranyi–Ratkowsky predictive model, which quantified the effects of temperature and active packaging on microbial growth parameters. This modelling approach revealed that active packaging increased the minimum growth temperature and reduced the specific growth rate of key microbial groups, confirming its inhibitory action under different storage conditions. The use of active packaging slowed colour degradation in kale by reducing chlorophyll loss up to 50% at 22 °C and maintained tomato firmness and colour during storage. Furthermore, a strong correlation (R2 = 0.87) between colour index and carotenoid content was found, enabling the non-destructive prediction of ripening in tomatoes. Overall, active packaging enhanced microbial stability, delayed visual deterioration, and sustainably extended the shelf life and post-harvest quality of perishable products, offering a promising alternative to conventional preservation methods.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Active packaging significantly reduced microbial growth in cherry tomatoes, especially enterobacteria and moulds.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee0 - Treatment
- Active packaginge0
- Outcome
- microbial growth, particularly enterobacteria and moulds, in cherry tomatoese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Active packaging significantly reduced microbial growth, particularly enterobacteria and moulds, in cherry tomatoes and psychrophiles and moulds in kale, without negatively affecting the physicochemical quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Active packaging significantly reduced psychrophiles and moulds in kale.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise0 - Treatment
- Active packaginge0
- Outcome
- psychrophiles and moulds in kalee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Active packaging significantly reduced microbial growth, particularly enterobacteria and moulds, in cherry tomatoes and psychrophiles and moulds in kale, without negatively affecting the physicochemical quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Active packaging did not negatively affect physicochemical quality.
- Taxon
- Cherry Tomatoes and KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- Active packaginge0
- Outcome
- physicochemical qualitye0
- Direction
- without negatively affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes and Kale”
e0“Active packaging significantly reduced microbial growth, particularly enterobacteria and moulds, in cherry tomatoes and psychrophiles and moulds in kale, without negatively affecting the physicochemical quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
The Baranyi–Ratkowsky model successfully described microbial kinetics and quantified temperature and packaging effects.
- Taxon
- Cherry Tomatoes and KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- temperature and active packaginge0
- Outcome
- microbial kineticse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes and Kale”
e0“The microbial kinetics were successfully described using the Baranyi–Ratkowsky predictive model, which quantified the effects of temperature and active packaging on microbial growth parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
Active packaging increased minimum growth temperature of key microbial groups.
- Taxon
- Cherry Tomatoes and KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- active packaginge0
- Outcome
- minimum growth temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes and Kale”
e0“active packaging increased the minimum growth temperature and reduced the specific growth rate of key microbial groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Active packaging reduced specific growth rate of key microbial groups.
- Taxon
- Cherry Tomatoes and KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- active packaginge0
- Outcome
- specific growth ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes and Kale”
e0“active packaging increased the minimum growth temperature and reduced the specific growth rate of key microbial groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Active packaging reduced kale chlorophyll loss by up to 50% at 22 °C.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- active packaginge0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll losse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- up to 50%e0
- Qualifier
- at 22 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of active packaging slowed colour degradation in kale by reducing chlorophyll loss up to 50% at 22 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Active packaging maintained tomato firmness and colour during storage.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- active packaginge1
- Outcome
- tomato firmness and coloure0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintained tomato firmness and colour during storage”
e1“The use of active packaging slowed colour degradation in kale by reducing chlorophyll loss up to 50% at 22 °C and maintained tomato firmness and colour during storage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Colour index correlated strongly with carotenoid content in tomatoes (R2 = 0.87), enabling prediction of ripening.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Compound
- carotenoid contente0
- Outcome
- colour indexe0
- Value
- R2 = 0.87e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a strong correlation (R2 = 0.87) between colour index and carotenoid content was found, enabling the non-destructive prediction of ripening in tomatoes”
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