Abstract
As an effective method worthy of use as a complement to other methods of integrated pest management programs for controlling the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), the present study aimed to investigate the effects of using different types of organic fertilizers on the insect pest populations on tomato plants and nematodes on thyme plants under rooftop cultivation conditions, compared to the use of pesticides. The obtained results on insect pests showed that the selected insecticides which were tested against T. absoluta and P. solenopsis showed the highest effects on populations of these pests. For organic fertilizer, its treatments achieved very satisfying effects on the tested insects. The effects of compost, compost tea and the mixture of both of them were generally increased by the increase of the elapsed time after treatment more than the insecticides treatments on T. absoluta and P. solenopsis. The effects of compost and compost tea were positively correlated with the used rates, and the tested mixtures treatments which containing both compost and compost tea together showed obviously higher reduction effects on T. absoluta and P. solenopsis populations. With respect to the nematode, M. incognita, numbers of galls, egg-masses and nematode were significantly affected by the used nematicide, emamectin benzoate, where it achieved the highest effectiveness compared to the tested compost tea concentrations. On the other hand, emamectin benzoate and compost tea treatments at 10% and 15% concentrations showed the highest efficacy against M. incognita galls, while compost tea at 20% concentration showed the highest effect against nematode individuals.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Selected insecticides had the highest effects on T. absoluta and P. solenopsis populations on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- selected insecticidese1
- Interactor
- T. absoluta
.jpg?width=60)
Tuta absolutae1pest - Second interactor
- P. solenopsis
Phenacoccus solenopsise1pest - Outcome
- effects on populations of these pestse1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“insect pest populations on tomato plants”
e1“the selected insecticides which were tested against T. absoluta and P. solenopsis showed the highest effects on populations of these pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer treatments achieved very satisfying effects on the tested insects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- very satisfying effects on the tested insectse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insect pest populations on tomato plants”
e1“For organic fertilizer, its treatments achieved very satisfying effects on the tested insects”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of compost, compost tea and their mixture on T. absoluta and P. solenopsis increased with time after treatment more than those of the insecticide treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- compost, compost tea and the mixture of both of theme1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Second interactor
- P. solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsise1pest
- Outcome
- effectse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- insecticides treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insect pest populations on tomato plants”
e1“The effects of compost, compost tea and the mixture of both of them were generally increased by the increase of the elapsed time after treatment more than the insecticides treatments on T. absoluta and P. solenopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of compost and compost tea were positively correlated with the rates used.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- used ratese1
- Outcome
- effectse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insect pest populations on tomato plants”
e1“The effects of compost and compost tea were positively correlated with the used rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of compost and compost tea gave obviously higher reduction of T. absoluta and P. solenopsis populations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- mixtures treatments which containing both compost and compost tea togethere1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Second interactor
- P. solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsise1pest
- Outcome
- reduction effects on T. absoluta and P. solenopsis populationse1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insect pest populations on tomato plants”
e1“the tested mixtures treatments which containing both compost and compost tea together showed obviously higher reduction effects on T. absoluta and P. solenopsis populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Numbers of galls, egg-masses and nematodes of M. incognita on thyme were significantly affected by the nematicide emamectin benzoate, which was most effective compared with the compost tea concentrations.
- Taxon
- thyme
.JPG?width=60)
Thymus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee1
- Outcome
- numbers of galls, egg-masses and nematodee1
- Direction
- highest effectivenesse1
- Comparator
- tested compost tea concentrationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“nematodes on thyme plants”
e1“numbers of galls, egg-masses and nematode were significantly affected by the used nematicide, emamectin benzoate, where it achieved the highest effectiveness compared to the tested compost tea concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate and compost tea at 10% and 15% showed the highest efficacy against M. incognita galls on thyme.
- Taxon
- thymeThymus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoate and compost tea treatments at 10% and 15% concentrationse1
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pathogen - Outcome
- efficacy against M. incognita gallse1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“nematodes on thyme plants”
e1“emamectin benzoate and compost tea treatments at 10% and 15% concentrations showed the highest efficacy against M. incognita galls”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost tea at 20% concentration showed the highest effect against M. incognita nematode individuals on thyme.
- Taxon
- thymeThymus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- compost tea at 20% concentratione1
- Outcome
- effect against nematode individualse1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nematodes on thyme plants”
e1“compost tea at 20% concentration showed the highest effect against nematode individuals”
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See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.