Abstract
This study investigated the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in the Soil-Lilium system and researched the effects and mechanisms of applying oyster shell powder (OSP) and organic fertilizer (OF) on reducing Cd accumulation and enhancing Lilium yield. The results showed that the total Cd content in soils across different planting regions was below 0.3 mg·kg−1, while the Cd content in Lilium bulbs ranged from 0.44 mg·kg−1 to 1.35 mg·kg−1, indicating a consistent trend of Cd accumulation in Lilium bulbs. Cd contents were highest in the leaves and lowest in the bulbs, suggesting a strong translocation of Cd from the roots to the aerial parts. Both OSP and OF treatments improved Lilium growth and reduced Cd accumulation in the bulbs. OF significantly increased bulb yield by 62.5%, while OSP effectively reduced Cd content in the bulbs to 0.30 mg·kg−1, below the regulatory safety threshold. OSP mitigated Cd accumulation by decreasing the availability of Cd in the soil and by competing with Cd for root uptake via its abundant Ca2+ ions. OF reduced Cd accumulation in the bulb by enhancing Cd sequestration in the fibrous roots and promoting its translocation away from the bulb. This study provides new insights into Cd dynamics in the Soil-Lilium system and offers practical strategies for producing Lilium safely.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Lilium bulbs contained 0.44 to 1.35 mg·kg−1 Cd.
LiliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Cd content in Lilium bulbs ranged from 0.44 mg·kg−1 to 1.35 mg·kg−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Cd content was below 0.3 mg·kg−1 across planting regions.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the total Cd content in soils across different planting regions was below 0.3 mg·kg−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium was highest in Lilium leaves and lowest in bulbs.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Cd contents were highest in the leaves and lowest in the bulbs”
Claim · model-written summary
Oyster shell powder improved Lilium growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both OSP and OF treatments improved Lilium growth and reduced Cd accumulation in the bulbs”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer improved Lilium growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both OSP and OF treatments improved Lilium growth and reduced Cd accumulation in the bulbs”
Claim · model-written summary
Oyster shell powder reduced cadmium accumulation in Lilium bulbs.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both OSP and OF treatments improved Lilium growth and reduced Cd accumulation in the bulbs”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer reduced cadmium accumulation in Lilium bulbs.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both OSP and OF treatments improved Lilium growth and reduced Cd accumulation in the bulbs”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased bulb yield by 62.5%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“OF significantly increased bulb yield by 62.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Oyster shell powder reduced bulb Cd to 0.30 mg·kg−1.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“OSP effectively reduced Cd content in the bulbs to 0.30 mg·kg−1, below the regulatory safety threshold”
Claim · model-written summary
Oyster shell powder decreased soil Cd availability.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“OSP mitigated Cd accumulation by decreasing the availability of Cd in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Oyster shell calcium competed with Cd for root uptake.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“competing with Cd for root uptake via its abundant Ca2+ ions”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer enhanced Cd sequestration in fibrous roots.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“OF reduced Cd accumulation in the bulb by enhancing Cd sequestration in the fibrous roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer promoted cadmium movement away from bulbs.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“promoting its translocation away from the bulb”
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