Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of weed control, phytotoxicity, growth and yield of rice as affected by several herbicides applied at rice transplanting time simultaneously in the farmers' rice fields. Rice showed phytotoxicity depending upon different regions at early growth stage of rice by herbicide treatment, but was recovered 40 days after transplanting. The management method of paddy field for simultaneous herbicide application at transplanting time must be maintained 1～2cm water depth for 3 days after rotary tillage and rice transplanting. All herbicides tested showed excellent control against Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, and Scirpus juncoides, and cyclosulfamuron showed effective control against Sagittaria trifolia in particular. Eleocharis kuroguwai must be controlled sequentially at the late period of rice growth after simultaneous herbicide application at rice transplanting time when it was abundant in rice paddy fields. Cyclosulfamuron+pendimethalin, cyclosulfamuron+fentrazamide, and bensulfuron-methyl+ fentrazamide showed good weed control and could be applied for simultaneous herbicide application at machine transplanting time, which make the large scale farmers prevent from losing time of application. Simultaneous herbicide application at machine transplanting time had the benefit for labor saving and uniform application without losing time of application compared to manual application and was expected to obtain effective weed control by treating 2/3 of recommended dose. This approach implicates reduction of herbicide application rate by even and accurate application method
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatment caused early rice phytotoxicity varying by region.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0t0 - Organ / stage
- early growth stagee0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Setting
- different regionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice showed phytotoxicity depending upon different regions at early growth stage of rice by herbicide treatment”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice recovered from early herbicide phytotoxicity 40 days after transplanting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Organ / stage
- 40 days after transplantinge0
- Outcome
- recoverede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was recovered 40 days after transplanting.”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested herbicides controlled Echinochloa crus-galli.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- All herbicides testede0
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- control against Echinochloa crus-gallie0
- Direction
- excellent controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides tested showed excellent control against Echinochloa crus-galli”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested herbicides controlled Monochoria vaginalis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- All herbicides testede0
- Interactor
- Monochoria vaginalise0weed
- Outcome
- control against Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalise0
- Direction
- excellent controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides tested showed excellent control against Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested herbicides controlled Scirpus juncoides.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- All herbicides testede0
- Interactor
- Scirpus juncoides
.jpg?width=60)
Schoenoplectiella juncoidese0weed - Outcome
- control against Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, and Scirpus juncoidese0
- Direction
- excellent controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides tested showed excellent control against Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, and Scirpus juncoides”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclosulfamuron controlled Sagittaria trifolia.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- cyclosulfamurone0
- Interactor
- Sagittaria trifolia
Sagittaria trifoliae0weed - Outcome
- control against Sagittaria trifoliae0
- Direction
- effective controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cyclosulfamuron showed effective control against Sagittaria trifolia in particular.”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 1～2cm water depth for 3 days after tillage and transplanting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Outcome
- 1～2cm water depth for 3 days after rotary tillage and rice transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The management method of paddy field for simultaneous herbicide application at transplanting time must be maintained 1～2cm water depth for 3 days after rotary tillage and rice transplanting.”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend later sequential control of abundant Eleocharis kuroguwai.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Interactor
- Eleocharis kuroguwai
Eleocharis kuroguwaie0weed - Outcome
- controlled sequentially at the late period of rice growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eleocharis kuroguwai must be controlled sequentially at the late period of rice growth after simultaneous herbicide application at rice transplanting time when it was abundant in rice paddy fields.”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclosulfamuron+pendimethalin showed good weed control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- Cyclosulfamuron+pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- goode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cyclosulfamuron+pendimethalin, cyclosulfamuron+fentrazamide, and bensulfuron-methyl+ fentrazamide showed good weed control”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclosulfamuron+fentrazamide showed good weed control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- cyclosulfamuron+fentrazamidee0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- goode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cyclosulfamuron+pendimethalin, cyclosulfamuron+fentrazamide, and bensulfuron-methyl+ fentrazamide showed good weed control”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulfuron-methyl+ fentrazamide showed good weed control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- bensulfuron-methyl+ fentrazamidee0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- goode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cyclosulfamuron+pendimethalin, cyclosulfamuron+fentrazamide, and bensulfuron-methyl+ fentrazamide showed good weed control”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Machine transplanting application saved labor versus manual application.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous herbicide application at machine transplanting timee0
- Outcome
- labor savinge0
- Direction
- savinge0
- Comparator
- manual applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous herbicide application at machine transplanting time had the benefit for labor saving and uniform application without losing time of application compared to manual application”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Machine transplanting application was more uniform than manual application.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous herbicide application at machine transplanting timee0
- Outcome
- uniform applicatione0
- Direction
- uniforme0
- Comparator
- manual applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous herbicide application at machine transplanting time had the benefit for labor saving and uniform application without losing time of application compared to manual application”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors expected effective weed control at 2/3 of recommended dose.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0t0
- Outcome
- effective weed control by treating 2/3 of recommended dosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was expected to obtain effective weed control by treating 2/3 of recommended dose.”
t0“Phytotoxicity of Rice”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.