Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are cosmopolitan filamentous fungi that inhabit soil and the rhizosphere. These opportunistic and avirulent plant symbionts are characterized by rapid multiplication and efficient substrate colonization (1). During the Trichoderma-plant interaction, fungi can significantly enhance nutrient absorption, promote growth, and improve tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses (2, 3). In this research, the adaptive responses of tomato plants (cv. Gružanski zlatni) to progressive drought with addition of T. harzianum and T. brevicopmactum to the rhizosphere were studied. Plants were grown in pots under controlled conditions of the plant phenotyping platform at SUA in Nitra, Slovakia. The expressions of PR1b1 (salicylic acid related), PINII (jasmonic acid related), TPX1 (lignin and suberin related), FLS (flavonoids related), SlJAF13 (anthocyanins related) and C3H (caffeic and chlorogenic acid related) as well as NCED1 (ABA related) were examined by quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase reaction (qRT-PCR). All treatments in which Trichoderma was applied demonstrated the activation of the jasmonic acid signalling pathway, as indicated by the expression of the PinII gene. The salicylic acid signalling pathway was activated only in plants exposed to drought in the treatment with T. harzianum, as indicated by the expression of the PR1b1 gene. These changes indicate that Trichoderma treatment promotes a better potential of plants for resistance to biotic stresses. The increased expression of the NCED1 and SlJAF13 genes indicate that both Trichoderma strains might influence the accumulation of ABA and anthocyanin content in all treatments, indicating enhanced potential for plant resistance to abiotic stresses. The increased expression of the C3H gene indicates an increased content of caffeic and chlorogenic acid, which was detected in tomato leaves in optimally watered plants in the presence of T. harzianum as well as in the drought treatment in the presence of T. brevicompactum. These observed changes in the plants indicate they are more resistant to biotic stress and transport nutrients and water more efficiently.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma treatments activated jasmonic acid signalling indicated by PinII expression.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Trichodermae0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0symbiont - Gene
- PinIIe0
- Outcome
- expression of the PinII genee0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments in which Trichoderma was applied demonstrated the activation of the jasmonic acid signalling pathway, as indicated by the expression of the PinII gene”
t0“tomato plants under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, T. harzianum activated salicylic acid signalling indicated by PR1b1 expression.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Gene
- PR1b1e0
- Outcome
- expression of the PR1b1 genee0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The salicylic acid signalling pathway was activated only in plants exposed to drought in the treatment with T. harzianum, as indicated by the expression of the PR1b1 gene”
t0“tomato plants under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Both Trichoderma strains increased NCED1 and SlJAF13 expression, suggesting possible effects on ABA and anthocyanin accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- both Trichoderma strainse0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0symbiont
- Gene
- NCED1 and SlJAF13e0
- Outcome
- expression of the NCED1 and SlJAF13 genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- might influence the accumulation of ABA and anthocyanin contente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased expression of the NCED1 and SlJAF13 genes indicate that both Trichoderma strains might influence the accumulation of ABA and anthocyanin content in all treatments”
t0“tomato plants under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum increased C3H expression and caffeic and chlorogenic acid content in optimally watered tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Gene
- C3He0
- Outcome
- content of caffeic and chlorogenic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased expression of the C3H gene indicates an increased content of caffeic and chlorogenic acid, which was detected in tomato leaves in optimally watered plants in the presence of T. harzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
T. brevicompactum increased C3H expression and caffeic and chlorogenic acid content in drought treated tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- T. brevicompactume0
- Interactor
- T. brevicompactumTrichoderma brevicompactume0symbiont
- Gene
- C3He0
- Outcome
- content of caffeic and chlorogenic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased expression of the C3H gene indicates an increased content of caffeic and chlorogenic acid, which was detected in tomato leaves in optimally watered plants in the presence of T. harzianum as well as in the drought treatment in the presence of T. brevicompactum”
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