Abstract
The present study was carried out at Gemmeiza, Agric. Res. Station, ARC, during 2013 and 2014 maize growing seasons to evaluate the effect of special multinutrients (20-10-20 NPK), biofertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum) and rich humic with micronutrients spraying in controlling downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi), straw and grain yield and chemical and biochemical contents of maize. Results indicated that all fertilization treatments had a significant effect on all the studied parameters, hence reduced downy mildew incidence and increased grain, straw yield and grain index. Maize grains treated with biofertilizer combined with multinutrients or single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic spraying yielded the lowest disease incidence, the highest yield and exhibited the highest amount of phenolic components (total and orthodihydric phenols) in addition to the highest oxidative enzymes activities (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and the highest N, P, K contents and uptake. A highly significant negative correlation (r) was found between the disease incidence and grain yield, leaf biochemical components (phenolic compounds and oxidative enzymes) as well as N, P, K contents and uptake in maize plants. Results of soil analysis revealed that the available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil after maize harvest increased significantly by different treatments but the available potassium increased in the presence of biofertilizer and decreased in the absence of biofertilizer except for special multinutrients in combination with rich humic without biofertilizer. No significant differences in the soil pH and EC after maize harvest under different treatments.In general, fertilization tested treatments were effective in controlling downy mildew of maize disease and increasing yield.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
All fertilization treatments significantly reduced maize downy mildew incidence.
- Treatment
- all fertilization treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Peronosclerospora sorghi
.jpg?width=60)
Peronosclerospora sorghie1pathogen - Outcome
- downy mildew incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated that all fertilization treatments had a significant effect on all the studied parameters, hence reduced downy mildew incidence and increased grain, straw yield and grain index.”
e1“downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi), straw and grain yield and chemical and biochemical contents of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
All fertilization treatments significantly increased grain yield, straw yield and grain index.
- Treatment
- all fertilization treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain, straw yield and grain indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated that all fertilization treatments had a significant effect on all the studied parameters, hence reduced downy mildew incidence and increased grain, straw yield and grain index.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer combined with multinutrients and rich humic spraying gave the lowest disease incidence and highest yield.
- Treatment
- biofertilizer combined with multinutrientse0
- Interactor
- Peronosclerospora sorghiPeronosclerospora sorghie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume1symbiont
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- the highest yielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grains treated with biofertilizer combined with multinutrients or single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic spraying yielded the lowest disease incidence, the highest yield”
e1“biofertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum)”
e2“downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer with recommended mineral NPK and rich humic spraying gave the lowest disease incidence and highest yield.
- Treatment
- single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic sprayinge0
- Interactor
- Peronosclerospora sorghiPeronosclerospora sorghie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume1symbiont
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- the highest yielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grains treated with biofertilizer combined with multinutrients or single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic spraying yielded the lowest disease incidence, the highest yield”
e1“biofertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum)”
e2“downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined biofertilizer treatments produced the highest total and orthodihydric phenols.
- Treatment
- biofertilizer combined with multinutrients or single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic sprayinge0
- Outcome
- phenolic components (total and orthodihydric phenols)e1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grains treated with biofertilizer combined with multinutrients or single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic spraying”
e1“exhibited the highest amount of phenolic components (total and orthodihydric phenols)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined biofertilizer treatments produced the highest peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities.
- Treatment
- biofertilizer combined with multinutrients or single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic sprayinge0
- Gene
- peroxidase and polyphenol oxidasee1
- Outcome
- oxidative enzymes activitiese1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grains treated with biofertilizer combined with multinutrients or single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic spraying”
e1“the highest oxidative enzymes activities (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined biofertilizer treatments produced the highest N, P and K contents and uptake.
- Treatment
- biofertilizer combined with multinutrients or single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic sprayinge0
- Outcome
- N, P, K contents and uptakee1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grains treated with biofertilizer combined with multinutrients or single mineral fertilizers as recommended doses of NPK and rich humic spraying”
e1“the highest N, P, K contents and uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence was highly significantly negatively correlated with maize grain yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A highly significant negative correlation (r) was found between the disease incidence and grain yield, leaf biochemical components (phenolic compounds and oxidative enzymes) as well as N, P, K contents and uptake in maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence was highly significantly negatively correlated with leaf phenolic compounds and oxidative enzymes.
- Outcome
- leaf biochemical components (phenolic compounds and oxidative enzymes)e0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Comparator
- disease incidencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A highly significant negative correlation (r) was found between the disease incidence and grain yield, leaf biochemical components (phenolic compounds and oxidative enzymes) as well as N, P, K contents and uptake in maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence was highly significantly negatively correlated with maize N, P and K contents and uptake.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A highly significant negative correlation (r) was found between the disease incidence and grain yield, leaf biochemical components (phenolic compounds and oxidative enzymes) as well as N, P, K contents and uptake in maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments significantly increased available soil nitrogen and phosphorus after maize harvest.
- Treatment
- different treatmentse0
- Outcome
- available nitrogen and phosphorus in soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after maize harveste0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Results of soil analysis revealed that the available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil after maize harvest increased significantly by different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil potassium increased with biofertilizer.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the available potassium increased in the presence of biofertilizer and decreased in the absence of biofertilizer except for special multinutrients in combination with rich humic without biofertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil potassium decreased without biofertilizer except with special multinutrients plus rich humic.
- Treatment
- absence of biofertilizere0
- Outcome
- available potassiume0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except for special multinutrients in combination with rich humic without biofertilizere0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the available potassium increased in the presence of biofertilizer and decreased in the absence of biofertilizer except for special multinutrients in combination with rich humic without biofertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH and EC did not differ significantly across treatments after maize harvest.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences in the soil pH and EC after maize harvest under different treatments.”
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See all 161 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.