Abstract
Nitrogenous fertilizer (N fertilizer) is crucial to the quality of mulberry leaves. This study evaluated the influences of 4 N fertilizers on the chemical properties of paddy soil, mulberry growth, leaf quality and Cd distribution in mulberry. The results showed the soil pH was reduced with the increasing concentrations of NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4. The soil pH for NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 treatments were 4.60 and 4.62 at 300 mg N/kg soil, 21.10% and 20.75% lower than that of the control, respectively. CO(NH2)2 increased soil organic matter (OM) and the 4 N fertilizers all increased the Cd phytoavailability with (NH4)2SO4>NH4Cl > CO(NH2)2>NaNO3. (NH4)2SO4 and CO(NH2)2 improved leaf production, total mulberry biomass and the total sugar in leaf. CO(NH2)2, NH4Cl and NaNO3 increased the crude protein content and (NH4)2SO4 increased the chlorophyll content (8.10%∼20.20%). (NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl increased the Cd concentration in leaf, stem and root. CO(NH2)2 increased Cd concentration in leaf and stem. All 4 N fertilizers decreased the percentage content of Cd in roots (1.80%∼37.74%) and increased it in stems (3.90%∼263.81%) and leaves (24.09%∼236.18%). The leaves from the CO(NH2)2 and NaNO3 treatments met the hygienical standard for feeds. CO(NH2)2 and NaNO3 could be recommended to safely utilize the Cd polluted acidic paddy soils.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NH4Cl concentration reduced soil pH.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“The results showed the soil pH was reduced with the increasing concentrations of NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing (NH4)2SO4 concentration reduced soil pH.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“The results showed the soil pH was reduced with the increasing concentrations of NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg N/kg soil, NH4Cl reduced soil pH to 4.60, 21.10% below control.
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“The soil pH for NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 treatments were 4.60 and 4.62 at 300 mg N/kg soil, 21.10% and 20.75% lower than that of the control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg N/kg soil, (NH4)2SO4 reduced soil pH to 4.62, 20.75% below control.
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“The soil pH for NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 treatments were 4.60 and 4.62 at 300 mg N/kg soil, 21.10% and 20.75% lower than that of the control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
CO(NH2)2 increased soil organic matter.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“CO(NH2)2 increased soil organic matter (OM)”
Claim · model-written summary
All four nitrogen fertilizers increased soil cadmium phytoavailability, ranked (NH4)2SO4 > NH4Cl > CO(NH2)2 > NaNO3.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- 4 N fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Cd phytoavailabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- (NH4)2SO4>NH4Cl > CO(NH2)2>NaNO3e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“the 4 N fertilizers all increased the Cd phytoavailability with (NH4)2SO4>NH4Cl > CO(NH2)2>NaNO3.”
Claim · model-written summary
(NH4)2SO4 improved mulberry leaf production and biomass.
- Taxon
- mulberrye0
- Treatment
- (NH4)2SO4e0
- Outcome
- leaf production, total mulberry biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“(NH4)2SO4 and CO(NH2)2 improved leaf production, total mulberry biomass and the total sugar in leaf.”
Claim · model-written summary
CO(NH2)2 improved mulberry leaf production and biomass.
- Taxon
- mulberrye0
- Treatment
- CO(NH2)2e0
- Outcome
- leaf production, total mulberry biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“(NH4)2SO4 and CO(NH2)2 improved leaf production, total mulberry biomass and the total sugar in leaf.”
Claim · model-written summary
(NH4)2SO4 improved total sugar in mulberry leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“(NH4)2SO4 and CO(NH2)2 improved leaf production, total mulberry biomass and the total sugar in leaf.”
Claim · model-written summary
CO(NH2)2 improved total sugar in mulberry leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“(NH4)2SO4 and CO(NH2)2 improved leaf production, total mulberry biomass and the total sugar in leaf.”
Claim · model-written summary
CO(NH2)2, NH4Cl, and NaNO3 each increased mulberry crude protein content.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- CO(NH2)2, NH4Cl and NaNO3e0
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“CO(NH2)2, NH4Cl and NaNO3 increased the crude protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
(NH4)2SO4 increased mulberry chlorophyll content by 8.10%∼20.20%.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- (NH4)2SO4e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.10%∼20.20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“(NH4)2SO4 increased the chlorophyll content (8.10%∼20.20%).”
Claim · model-written summary
(NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl increased cadmium concentration in mulberry leaf, stem, and root.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- (NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cle0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in leaf, stem and roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“(NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl increased the Cd concentration in leaf, stem and root.”
Claim · model-written summary
CO(NH2)2 increased cadmium concentration in mulberry leaf and stem.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“CO(NH2)2 increased Cd concentration in leaf and stem.”
Claim · model-written summary
All four nitrogen fertilizers reduced the fraction of cadmium in mulberry roots by 1.80%∼37.74%.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- 4 N fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- percentage content of Cd in rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.80%∼37.74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“All 4 N fertilizers decreased the percentage content of Cd in roots (1.80%∼37.74%)”
Claim · model-written summary
All four nitrogen fertilizers increased the fraction of cadmium in mulberry stems by 3.90%∼263.81%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“All 4 N fertilizers decreased the percentage content of Cd in roots (1.80%∼37.74%) and increased it in stems (3.90%∼263.81%) and leaves (24.09%∼236.18%).”
Claim · model-written summary
All four nitrogen fertilizers increased the fraction of cadmium in mulberry leaves by 24.09%∼236.18%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“All 4 N fertilizers decreased the percentage content of Cd in roots (1.80%∼37.74%) and increased it in stems (3.90%∼263.81%) and leaves (24.09%∼236.18%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulberry leaves under CO(NH2)2 and NaNO3 treatments met the hygienical feed standard.
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“The leaves from the CO(NH2)2 and NaNO3 treatments met the hygienical standard for feeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend CO(NH2)2 and NaNO3 for safe use of cadmium-polluted acidic paddy soils for mulberry.
Verbatim
t0“mulberry”
e0“CO(NH2)2 and NaNO3 could be recommended to safely utilize the Cd polluted acidic paddy soils.”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.