Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity and nitrogen (N) deposition are two major environmental stresses which can affect plant growth. It's less clear that how the combined Cd accumulation and N deposition affect the male and female plants of dioecious species. The aim of the present study was to detect sex-specific responses to Cd stress and simulated N deposition in one-year-old male, female and hermaphrodite seedlings of Morus alba. Changes in morphology, physiology, root architecture and biomass of the three sex types of mulberry seedlings were determined. The results showed that Cd toxicity caused limited growth, impaired photosynthetic apparatus and decreased gas exchange rates with significant sex-specific differences. Mulberry was found to deploy detoxification mechanisms to avoid or tolerate toxic Cd effects through the activation of the antioxidant system, increasing proline and non-protein thiol contents, translocating Cd into different plant parts and decreasing biomass. Females displayed a low tolerance to high Cd and were more sensitive to Cd stress. Simulated N deposition alleviated the negative effects of Cd on leaves and decreased sex-specific differences in the three kinds of mulberry seedlings, but N fertilizer did not affect the total biomass. The N-stimulated increasing in proline and non-protein thiol contents might play a crucial role in resisting the damage caused by Cd stress, and the three kinds of mulberry seedlings had slightly different ways of improving Cd tolerance by N deposition. Sexual differences in Cd accumulation are correlated with root architecture. This study provides evidence for the utilization of mulberry to treat Cd-contaminated soils under N deposition.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity limited mulberry seedling growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“Cd toxicity caused limited growth, impaired photosynthetic apparatus and decreased gas exchange rates with significant sex-specific differences”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity impaired the photosynthetic apparatus of mulberry seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“Cd toxicity caused limited growth, impaired photosynthetic apparatus and decreased gas exchange rates with significant sex-specific differences”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity decreased gas exchange rates in mulberry seedlings, with significant sex differences.
- Taxon
- mulberry seedlingst0
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye0
- Outcome
- gas exchange ratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- significant sex-specific differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“Cd toxicity caused limited growth, impaired photosynthetic apparatus and decreased gas exchange rates with significant sex-specific differences”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulberry seedlings activated their antioxidant system under cadmium toxicity.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“Mulberry was found to deploy detoxification mechanisms to avoid or tolerate toxic Cd effects through the activation of the antioxidant system”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulberry seedlings increased proline and non-protein thiol contents under cadmium toxicity.
- Taxon
- mulberry seedlingst0
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye1
- Outcome
- proline and non-protein thiol contentse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“increasing proline and non-protein thiol contents”
e1“Cd toxicity caused limited growth, impaired photosynthetic apparatus and decreased gas exchange rates with significant sex-specific differences”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulberry seedlings translocated cadmium into different plant parts under toxicity.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“translocating Cd into different plant parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulberry biomass decreased with cadmium toxicity.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“decreasing biomass”
e1“Cd toxicity caused limited growth, impaired photosynthetic apparatus and decreased gas exchange rates with significant sex-specific differences”
Claim · model-written summary
Female mulberry seedlings had low tolerance to high cadmium and were more sensitive to cadmium stress.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“Females displayed a low tolerance to high Cd and were more sensitive to Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated nitrogen deposition alleviated cadmium damage to mulberry leaves.
- Taxon
- mulberry seedlingst0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Simulated N depositione0
- Outcome
- negative effects of Cd on leavese0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“Simulated N deposition alleviated the negative effects of Cd on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated nitrogen deposition decreased sex-specific differences among mulberry seedlings.
- Taxon
- mulberry seedlingse0
- Treatment
- Simulated N depositione1
- Outcome
- sex-specific differencese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“decreased sex-specific differences in the three kinds of mulberry seedlings”
e1“Simulated N deposition alleviated the negative effects of Cd on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer did not affect total mulberry biomass.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“N fertilizer did not affect the total biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased mulberry proline and non-protein thiol contents, which the authors suggest may help resist cadmium damage.
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“The N-stimulated increasing in proline and non-protein thiol contents might play a crucial role in resisting the damage caused by Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The three mulberry seedling sex types differed slightly in how nitrogen deposition improved cadmium tolerance.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“the three kinds of mulberry seedlings had slightly different ways of improving Cd tolerance by N deposition”
Claim · model-written summary
Sexual differences in mulberry cadmium accumulation correlated with root architecture.
- Taxon
- mulberry seedlingst0
- Organ / stage
- root architecturee0
- Outcome
- Sexual differences in Cd accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“mulberry seedlings”
e0“Sexual differences in Cd accumulation are correlated with root architecture”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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1 in the opposite direction
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fertilization · growth · Morus (mulberry trees)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.