Abstract
As unconventional forage source, mulberry ( Morus alba L.) has been cultivated to alleviate animal feed shortages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of N fertilization during cultivation and Lactobacillus plantarum inoculation at ensiling on the chemical composition and bacterial community of mulberry silage. Mulberry was separately cultivated under two N fertilization rates (N1, 390 kg/ha/year; N2, 485 kg/ha/year) in 2016–2019, harvested on 30 April (the first-cut) and 15 June (the second-cut) in 2019, and then chopped for producing small bag silage. The silage was treated without (control) or with L. plantarum (LP, a recommended application rate of 10 5 cfu/g on fresh matter basis). After storage of 60 days in dark room at ambient temperature, silage was sampled for analysis of chemical and microbial compositions. Higher ( P < 0.05) final pH value and acetic acid content and lower ( P < 0.05) lactic acid content were found in silage of mulberry under N2 fertilization, resulting in more dry matter loss than that under N1 fertilization. Compared with control, inoculation of LP at ensiling increased ( P < 0.05) lactic acid content and decreased ( P < 0.05) final pH value, acetic acid and propionic acid contents of silage, by advancing the dominance of Lactobacillus and reducing the abundance of Enterococcus and Enterobacter . In particular, inoculation of LP at ensiling decreased ( P < 0.05) dry matter loss and butyric acid content of first-cut silage. In conclusion, inoculation of LP at ensiling could reduce the undesirable effects from high N fertilization rate during cultivation on silage quality of mulberry harvested at different growing seasons.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Mulberry silage under N2 fertilization had higher final pH and acetic acid content than under N1 fertilization.
Verbatim
e0“Higher ( P < 0.05) final pH value and acetic acid content and lower ( P < 0.05) lactic acid content were found in silage of mulberry under N2 fertilization, resulting in more dry matter loss than that under N1 fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulberry silage under N2 fertilization had lower lactic acid content than under N1 fertilization.
Verbatim
e0“Higher ( P < 0.05) final pH value and acetic acid content and lower ( P < 0.05) lactic acid content were found in silage of mulberry under N2 fertilization, resulting in more dry matter loss than that under N1 fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
N2 fertilization resulted in more dry matter loss of mulberry silage than N1 fertilization.
Verbatim
e0“Higher ( P < 0.05) final pH value and acetic acid content and lower ( P < 0.05) lactic acid content were found in silage of mulberry under N2 fertilization, resulting in more dry matter loss than that under N1 fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of L. plantarum (LP) at ensiling increased lactic acid content of mulberry silage compared with control.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control, inoculation of LP at ensiling increased ( P < 0.05) lactic acid content and decreased ( P < 0.05) final pH value, acetic acid and propionic acid contents of silage”
t0“Mulberry Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of LP at ensiling decreased final pH, acetic acid and propionic acid contents of mulberry silage compared with control.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control, inoculation of LP at ensiling increased ( P < 0.05) lactic acid content and decreased ( P < 0.05) final pH value, acetic acid and propionic acid contents of silage”
t0“Mulberry Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
LP inoculation advanced the dominance of Lactobacillus in mulberry silage.
- Taxon
- Mulberryt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of LP at ensilinge0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus
Lactobacilluse0other - Outcome
- dominance of Lactobacilluse0
- Direction
- advancinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control, inoculation of LP at ensiling increased ( P < 0.05) lactic acid content and decreased ( P < 0.05) final pH value, acetic acid and propionic acid contents of silage, by advancing the dominance of Lactobacillus”
t0“Mulberry Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
LP inoculation reduced the abundance of Enterococcus and Enterobacter in mulberry silage.
- Taxon
- Mulberryt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of LP at ensilinge0
- Interactor
- Enterococcus
Enterococcuse0other - Second interactor
- Enterobacter
Enterobactere0other - Outcome
- abundance of Enterococcus and Enterobactere0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control, inoculation of LP at ensiling increased ( P < 0.05) lactic acid content and decreased ( P < 0.05) final pH value, acetic acid and propionic acid contents of silage, by advancing the dominance of Lactobacillus and reducing the abundance of Enterococcus and Enterobacter”
t0“Mulberry Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
LP inoculation at ensiling decreased dry matter loss and butyric acid content of first-cut mulberry silage.
- Taxon
- Mulberryt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of LP at ensilinge0
- Interactor
- LPe0other
- Outcome
- dry matter loss and butyric acid contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- first-cut silagee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of LP at ensiling decreased ( P < 0.05) dry matter loss and butyric acid content of first-cut silage”
t0“Mulberry Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that LP inoculation at ensiling could reduce the undesirable effects of high N fertilization during cultivation on silage quality of mulberry harvested in different seasons.
- Taxon
- mulberrye0
- Treatment
- inoculation of LP at ensilinge0
- Interactor
- LPe0other
- Outcome
- silage qualitye0
- Direction
- reduce the undesirable effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of LP at ensiling could reduce the undesirable effects from high N fertilization rate during cultivation on silage quality of mulberry harvested at different growing seasons”
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8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.