Abstract
BACKGROUND: Monocropping poses a significant challenge in the sustainable cultivation of many medicinal plants, including Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq. G. littoralis, known for its culinary and medicinal properties, faces cultivation challenges due to continuous cropping, largely because of autoallelopathy. Phenolic compounds, specifically dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), from G. littoralis cropped soil, significantly inhibit its seed germination and growth. This study examines the effects of these compounds on seed germination, focusing on phenotypic changes, gene expression, and spatial metabolic profiles. This research investigates the impact of DBP and 2,4-DTBP on G. littoralis seed germination through phenotypic analysis, transcriptomic profiling of gene expression, and spatial metabolic profiling using metabolomics techniques. RESULTS: Results demonstrate significant inhibition of seed germination. Gene expression analysis indicates disrupted plant hormone signal pathways, which impede normal seed development. Metabolic profiling reveals impaired metabolic processes, altered hormone levels, and abnormal amino acid accumulation, contributing to germination inhibition. CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into identifying genes conferring resistance to allelopathic stress, offering potential solutions to mitigate continuous cropping issues in G. littoralis. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
DBP significantly inhibited G. littoralis seed germination.
- Taxon
- G. littoralis
Glehnia littoralise0 - Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- dibutyl phthalate (DBP)e0
- Outcome
- seed germination and growthe0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenolic compounds, specifically dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), from G. littoralis cropped soil, significantly inhibit its seed germination and growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-DTBP significantly inhibited G. littoralis seed germination and growth.
- Taxon
- G. littoralisGlehnia littoralise0
- Treatment
- 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP)e0
- Outcome
- seed germination and growthe0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenolic compounds, specifically dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), from G. littoralis cropped soil, significantly inhibit its seed germination and growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelochemical exposure disrupted plant hormone signal pathways, impeding normal seed development.
- Taxon
- G. littoralisGlehnia littoralise1
- Outcome
- normal seed developmente0
- Qualifier
- disrupted plant hormone signal pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene expression analysis indicates disrupted plant hormone signal pathways, which impede normal seed development.”
e1“G. littoralis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic profiling found impaired metabolic processes under allelochemical stress.
- Taxon
- G. littoralisGlehnia littoralise1
- Outcome
- impaired metabolic processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metabolic profiling reveals impaired metabolic processes, altered hormone levels, and abnormal amino acid accumulation, contributing to germination inhibition.”
e1“G. littoralis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic profiling found altered hormone levels and abnormal amino acid accumulation.
- Taxon
- G. littoralisGlehnia littoralise1
- Outcome
- altered hormone levels, and abnormal amino acid accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metabolic profiling reveals impaired metabolic processes, altered hormone levels, and abnormal amino acid accumulation, contributing to germination inhibition.”
e1“G. littoralis seed germination”