Abstract
Poa pratensis has important ecological, aesthetic and economic value as a high-quality cold-season turfgrass and natural grassland species. Tillering is crucial for forage yield, seed production and turf quality and is regulated by endogenous hormone networks and metabolic pathways. In this study, two Kentucky bluegrass varieties, a strong tillering type (SN) and a weak tillering type (QS) were used to explore the molecular mechanisms shaping tiller development via morphological comparisons of tiller nodes, quantitative assessments of endogenous hormone levels, and a joint transcriptome-proteome analysis. The SN variety had a higher number of initial tiller buds and greater developmental activity, while QS showed delayed tiller bud development. These phenotypic differences were closely linked to changes in hormone levels, with significantly higher amounts of abscisic acid, auxin, and strigolactones in QS than in SN; brassinosteroid levels remained consistently high in SN. A joint omics analysis revealed co-expression of photosynthetic carbon metabolism pathways and plant hormone signal transduction pathways at the mRNA and protein levels. regulation center represented by IAA16, JAR2, SRK2A, and ZIM, which collaborate Multi-omics WGCNA analysis further unveiled key regulatory networks, identifying a transcriptional regulatory network that regulates hormone signaling and carbon metabolism. Concurrently, at the protein network level, a functional execution center represented by RLK S_2 and CYPRO4 was uncovered. This study elucidates that the tillering mechanism of Kentucky bluegrass is synergistically regulated by photosynthetic carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling networks. This achievement not only provides new insights into the tillering mechanism of this species, but also identifies valuable candidate genes and proteins resource library, laying a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of new high-yield varieties of turfgrass and forage in the future, and providing key genetic targets.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
SN had more initial tiller buds and greater developmental activity than QS.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrass
.jpg?width=60)
Poa pratensist0 - Material
- SNe0
- Outcome
- number of initial tiller buds and greater developmental activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- QSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The SN variety had a higher number of initial tiller buds and greater developmental activity, while QS showed delayed tiller bud development.”
t0“Kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
QS had delayed tiller bud development relative to SN.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- QSe0
- Outcome
- tiller bud developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- SNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SN variety had a higher number of initial tiller buds and greater developmental activity, while QS showed delayed tiller bud development.”
t0“Kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid, auxin and strigolactones were significantly higher in QS than SN.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- QSe0
- Outcome
- amounts of abscisic acid, auxin, and strigolactonese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher amounts of abscisic acid, auxin, and strigolactones in QS than in SN”
t0“Kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroid levels remained consistently high in SN.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- SNe0
- Outcome
- brassinosteroid levelse0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“brassinosteroid levels remained consistently high in SN”
t0“Kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic carbon metabolism and hormone signal transduction pathways were co-expressed at mRNA and protein levels.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Outcome
- co-expression of photosynthetic carbon metabolism pathways and plant hormone signal transduction pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A joint omics analysis revealed co-expression of photosynthetic carbon metabolism pathways and plant hormone signal transduction pathways at the mRNA and protein levels.”
t0“Kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
WGCNA identified a transcriptional regulatory network governing hormone signaling and carbon metabolism.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Outcome
- transcriptional regulatory network that regulates hormone signaling and carbon metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Multi-omics WGCNA analysis further unveiled key regulatory networks, identifying a transcriptional regulatory network that regulates hormone signaling and carbon metabolism.”
t0“Kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
A protein network execution center was represented by RLK S_2 and CYPRO4.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Gene
- RLK S_2 and CYPRO4e0
- Outcome
- functional execution centere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the protein network level, a functional execution center represented by RLK S_2 and CYPRO4 was uncovered.”
t0“Kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and hormone signaling jointly regulate tillering.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise0
- Outcome
- tillering mechanisme0
- Qualifier
- photosynthetic carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling networkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tillering mechanism of Kentucky bluegrass is synergistically regulated by photosynthetic carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling networks.”