Abstract
We identified a developmental disorder in a segregating population of yellow kiwifruit ( Actinidia chinensis ), characterized by interveinal chlorosis in upper leaves, culminating in growth arrest and seedling death after developing 9–10 leaves. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of this phenotype through integrated phenotypic, transcriptomic, and genomic analyses. Through phenotypic characterization, we identified key alterations in chloroplast size, lower net CO 2 assimilation rate, a decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry Fv/Fm, and an altered accumulation of the nutrients phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron, and extractable iron in chlorotic leaves. At the transcriptional level, leaves of chlorotic plantlets overexpressed genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism, the photosynthetic apparatus and protein translation machinery, resembling a compensatory mechanism to up-regulate chloroplast and protein translation processes, which was also found in photosynthesis deficient mutants from other species. Our results pointed to a putative monogenic recessive mutation, designated chlorotic terminal ( cht ), which localized in a wide region of chromosome 18 by Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) and gene mapping, and affected chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthetic activity, and iron-related metabolic processes. These findings provided insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf chlorosis in kiwifruit and highlighted candidate genes for further functional characterization.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorotic kiwifruit seedlings developed interveinal chlorosis followed by growth arrest and death after 9–10 leaves.
- Organ / stage
- upper leavese0
- Outcome
- interveinal chlorosise0
- Value
- 9–10 leavese0
- Qualifier
- growth arrest and seedling deathe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“characterized by interveinal chlorosis in upper leaves, culminating in growth arrest and seedling death after developing 9–10 leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorotic kiwifruit leaves had altered chloroplast size.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“we identified key alterations in chloroplast size”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorotic kiwifruit plantlets had lower net CO2 assimilation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“lower net CO 2 assimilation rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorotic kiwifruit plantlets had decreased PSII maximum quantum yield.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry Fv/Fm”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorotic leaves accumulated phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron, and extractable iron differently.
- Organ / stage
- chlorotic leavese0
- Outcome
- accumulation of the nutrients phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron, and extractable irone0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“an altered accumulation of the nutrients phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron, and extractable iron in chlorotic leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorotic plantlet leaves overexpressed genes for chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis, and protein translation.
- Organ / stage
- leaves of chlorotic plantletse0
- Outcome
- genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism, the photosynthetic apparatus and protein translation machinerye0
- Direction
- overexpressede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“leaves of chlorotic plantlets overexpressed genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism, the photosynthetic apparatus and protein translation machinery”
Claim · model-written summary
The cht phenotype was attributed to a putative monogenic recessive mutation mapped to chromosome 18.
- Gene
- chlorotic terminal ( cht )e0
- Outcome
- localized in a wide region of chromosome 18e0
- Qualifier
- putative monogenic recessive mutatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a putative monogenic recessive mutation, designated chlorotic terminal ( cht ), which localized in a wide region of chromosome 18”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer cht affects chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthesis, and iron metabolism.
- Outcome
- chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthetic activity, and iron-related metabolic processese0
- Qualifier
- affectede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“affected chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthetic activity, and iron-related metabolic processes.”