Abstract
The interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) within canopy direct affects double cropping rice photosynthesis and yield formation. The objective of this study was to elucidate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of plant type and canopy interception of PAR in double cropping rice under different development stages, cultivar types and nitrogen rates. Field experiments were conducted using four early and late rice cultivars with four nitrogen application rates at Jiangxi in 2016 and 2017. The plant morphology and canopy interception rate of PAR (IPAR) in different canopy heights at different development stages were measured. The nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the plant height, ear length, leaf length and basic leaf angle. All of them increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. The layer leaf area index (LAI) and upward accumulated LAI of early and late rice were greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading. The layer LAI was greater in mid canopy than in upper and basal canopy. The maximum layer LAI appeared at 0.58 of relative canopy height. The layer LAI and upward accumulated LAI in upper and mid canopy of early and late rice increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. The distribution of upward accumulated LAI followed sigmoid curve with relative height, which could be quantitatively described with Logistic equation (R2 > 0.99). The canopy IPAR of early and late rice was greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading, and increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. The diurnal variation of IPAR was smaller at noon than in the morning and afternoon. Lower canopy IPAR was observed for the compact plant type of early and late rice cultivars. The relationship between canopy IPAR and downward accumulated LAI could be quantitatively described with an equation of IPAR = a (1-e-b×LAI) (R2> 0.88). IPAR on horizontal plane of the three-dimensional distribution was smaller, with a greater variation of light flecks in upper and mid canopy than in basal canopy. The IPAR at the same canopy height was non-uniform on the horizontal plane. These results would provide a support on cultivation for high yield and optimal design of plant type in double cropping rice.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rate significantly increased plant height, ear length and leaf length of double cropping rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee0
- Outcome
- plant height, ear length, leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the plant height, ear length, leaf length and basic leaf angle. All of them increased with increasing nitrogen application rate”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rate significantly increased basic leaf angle of double cropping rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee0
- Outcome
- basic leaf anglee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the plant height, ear length, leaf length and basic leaf angle. All of them increased with increasing nitrogen application rate”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Layer LAI and upward accumulated LAI of early and late rice were greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Outcome
- layer leaf area index (LAI) and upward accumulated LAIe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 12 d after headinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The layer leaf area index (LAI) and upward accumulated LAI of early and late rice were greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Layer LAI was greater in mid canopy than in upper and basal canopy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- mid canopye0
- Outcome
- layer LAIe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- upper and basal canopye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The layer LAI was greater in mid canopy than in upper and basal canopy”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum layer LAI appeared at 0.58 of relative canopy height.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- maximum layer LAIe0
- Value
- 0.58 of relative canopy heighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum layer LAI appeared at 0.58 of relative canopy height”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Layer LAI and upward accumulated LAI in upper and mid canopy increased with increasing nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- upper and mid canopye0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee0
- Outcome
- layer LAI and upward accumulated LAIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The layer LAI and upward accumulated LAI in upper and mid canopy of early and late rice increased with increasing nitrogen application rate”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The distribution of upward accumulated LAI with relative height followed a sigmoid curve described by a Logistic equation (R2 > 0.99).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- distribution of upward accumulated LAIe0
- Value
- R2 > 0.99e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The distribution of upward accumulated LAI followed sigmoid curve with relative height, which could be quantitatively described with Logistic equation (R2 > 0.99)”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy IPAR of early and late rice was greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Outcome
- canopy IPARe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 12 d after headinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The canopy IPAR of early and late rice was greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading, and increased with increasing nitrogen application rate”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy IPAR of early and late rice increased with increasing nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee0
- Outcome
- canopy IPARe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The canopy IPAR of early and late rice was greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading, and increased with increasing nitrogen application rate”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Diurnal variation of IPAR was smaller at noon than in the morning and afternoon.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- diurnal variation of IPARe0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- the morning and afternoone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The diurnal variation of IPAR was smaller at noon than in the morning and afternoon”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower canopy IPAR was observed for the compact plant type of early and late rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- compact plant typee0
- Outcome
- canopy IPARe0
- Direction
- Lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower canopy IPAR was observed for the compact plant type of early and late rice cultivars”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The relationship between canopy IPAR and downward accumulated LAI was described by IPAR = a (1-e-b×LAI) (R2 > 0.88).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- relationship between canopy IPAR and downward accumulated LAIe0
- Value
- R2> 0.88e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relationship between canopy IPAR and downward accumulated LAI could be quantitatively described with an equation of IPAR = a (1-e-b×LAI) (R2> 0.88)”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
On the horizontal plane, IPAR was smaller and light fleck variation was greater in upper and mid canopy than in basal canopy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- upper and mid canopye0
- Outcome
- variation of light fleckse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- basal canopye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IPAR on horizontal plane of the three-dimensional distribution was smaller, with a greater variation of light flecks in upper and mid canopy than in basal canopy”
t0“double cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IPAR at the same canopy height was non-uniform on the horizontal plane.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- IPAR at the same canopy heighte0
- Qualifier
- non-uniform on the horizontal planee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IPAR at the same canopy height was non-uniform on the horizontal plane”
t0“double cropping rice”
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