Abstract
Germination is widely recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the nutritional quality and reduce anti-nutritional factors in plant foods. This study evaluated the impact of germination on Cruciferous vegetables (family Cruciferae or Brassicaceae) broccoli and kale by assessing changes in proximate composition, macro- and microelement profiles, total and individual polyphenols, phytic acid content, antimicrobial activity, and structural characteristics using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS/WAXS) analyses. Germination significantly increased protein content (30.33% in broccoli sprouts and 30.21% in kale sprouts), total phenolic content (424.40 mg/100 g in broccoli sprouts and 497.94 mg/100 g in kale sprouts), and essential minerals, while reducing phytic acid levels in both species (up to 82.20%). Antimicrobial effects were matrix-dependent, being detected in broccoli and kale seed powders, while no inhibitory activity was observed for the corresponding sprout powders under the tested conditions. FTIR spectra indicated notable modifications in functional groups related to carbohydrates, proteins, and phenolic compounds, while SAXS analysis revealed structural reorganizations at the nanoscale. Overall, germination improved the nutritional and phytochemical quality of broccoli and kale while decreasing anti-nutritional compounds, highlighting its potential to enhance the health-promoting value of Brassica sprouts.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Germination significantly increased broccoli sprout protein content to 30.33%.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- Germinatione0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination significantly increased protein content (30.33% in broccoli sprouts and 30.21% in kale sprouts)”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination significantly increased kale sprout protein content to 30.21%.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridist0 - Treatment
- Germinatione0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination significantly increased protein content (30.33% in broccoli sprouts and 30.21% in kale sprouts)”
t0“Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination significantly increased broccoli sprout total phenolics to 424.40 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Germinationt0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Value
- 424.40 mg/100 ge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phenolic content (424.40 mg/100 g in broccoli sprouts and 497.94 mg/100 g in kale sprouts)”
t0“Germination as a Sustainable Green Pre-Treatment for the Recovery and Enhancement of High-Value Compounds in Broccoli and Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination significantly increased kale sprout total phenolics to 497.94 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- Germinationt0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Value
- 497.94 mg/100 ge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phenolic content (424.40 mg/100 g in broccoli sprouts and 497.94 mg/100 g in kale sprouts)”
t0“Germination as a Sustainable Green Pre-Treatment for the Recovery and Enhancement of High-Value Compounds in Broccoli and Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased essential minerals in both species.
- Taxon
- broccoli and kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Germinationt0
- Outcome
- essential mineralse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and essential minerals, while reducing phytic acid levels in both species (up to 82.20%)”
t0“Germination as a Sustainable Green Pre-Treatment for the Recovery and Enhancement of High-Value Compounds in Broccoli and Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination reduced phytic acid levels in both species by up to 82.20%.
- Taxon
- broccoli and kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Germinationt0
- Outcome
- phytic acid levelse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- up to 82.20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing phytic acid levels in both species (up to 82.20%)”
t0“Germination as a Sustainable Green Pre-Treatment for the Recovery and Enhancement of High-Value Compounds in Broccoli and Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli and kale seed powders showed antimicrobial effects.
- Taxon
- broccoli and kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Organ / stage
- seed powderse0
- Outcome
- Antimicrobial effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antimicrobial effects were matrix-dependent, being detected in broccoli and kale seed powders”
t0“Broccoli and Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli and kale sprout powders showed no inhibitory activity under tested conditions.
- Taxon
- broccoli and kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Organ / stage
- sprout powderse0
- Outcome
- no inhibitory activitye0
- Qualifier
- under the tested conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no inhibitory activity was observed for the corresponding sprout powders under the tested conditions”
t0“Broccoli and Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
FTIR indicated changes to carbohydrate, protein and phenolic functional groups after germination.
- Taxon
- broccoli and kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- modifications in functional groups related to carbohydrates, proteins, and phenolic compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FTIR spectra indicated notable modifications in functional groups related to carbohydrates, proteins, and phenolic compounds”
t0“Broccoli and Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
SAXS analysis revealed nanoscale structural reorganization after germination.
- Taxon
- broccoli and kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- structural reorganizations at the nanoscalee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SAXS analysis revealed structural reorganizations at the nanoscale”
t0“Broccoli and Kale”
The same questions in other papers
processing · molecular: metabolites · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →processing · quality: phytochemicals · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →processing · quality: protein · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.