Abstract
Abstract The present research aimed to correlate changes in saline soil properties and cabbage agro-physiological attributes under compost-biochar co-application. The treatments used prior to cabbage cultivation were soil applications of compost/biochar mixtrure (CMB) at rates of 0 (CMB 0 ), 10 (CMB 10 ), and 20 (CMB 20 ) t ha –1 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity, while improving total porosity, water-holding pores, soil moisture at field capacity, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient availability. CMB 20 also improved plant relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll a and b concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde decreased by 13.5% each under CMB 20 treatment. Cabbage plants grown in saline soil produced greater phenolics content (56.0%) with higher superoxide dismutase (17.2%) activity in CMB 20 -treated plots than CMB 0 . Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents enhanced by 10.1, 28.1, and 18.4%, respectively, compared with CMB 0 . Finally, CMB 20 achieved the maximal improvements in leaf number plant − 1 (41.8%), leaf area plant − 1 (216.2%), above-ground biomass (174.5%), head circumference (38.2%) and marketable yield (101.6%) of cabbage. It could be concluded that amending saline soil with CMB is regarded as a promising treatment for alleviating the salinity hazards on cabbage via modulating soil properties and physiological responses. Hence, CMB application, 20 t ha –1 , can be recommended as an agronomic practice for cabbage production to obtain high yield and quality.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 reduced dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and pH of saline soil.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Treatment
- CMB 20e0
- Outcome
- dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pHe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 reduced electrical conductivity of saline soil.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e0
- Outcome
- electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 improved total porosity, water-holding pores and soil moisture at field capacity.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e0
- Outcome
- total porosity, water-holding pores, soil moisture at field capacitye1
- Direction
- improvinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e1“while improving total porosity, water-holding pores, soil moisture at field capacity, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient availability”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 improved organic matter, cation exchange capacity and nutrient availability of saline soil.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e0
- Outcome
- organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient availabilitye1
- Direction
- improvinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e1“while improving total porosity, water-holding pores, soil moisture at field capacity, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient availability”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 improved plant relative water content and membrane stability index of cabbage.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e2
- Outcome
- plant relative water content, membrane stability indexe2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e2“CMB 20 also improved plant relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll a and b concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 improved chlorophyll a and b concentrations of cabbage.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b concentrationse2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e2“CMB 20 also improved plant relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll a and b concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 decreased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde by 13.5% each under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20 treatmente3
- Outcome
- Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehydee3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 13.5%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e3“Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde decreased by 13.5% each under CMB 20 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage grown in saline soil had 56.0% greater phenolics content under CMB 20 than under CMB 0.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e4
- Outcome
- phenolics contente4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 56.0%e4
- Comparator
- CMB 0e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e4“Cabbage plants grown in saline soil produced greater phenolics content (56.0%) with higher superoxide dismutase (17.2%) activity in CMB 20 -treated plots than CMB 0”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage grown in saline soil had 17.2% higher superoxide dismutase activity under CMB 20 than under CMB 0.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e4
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 17.2%e4
- Comparator
- CMB 0e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e4“Cabbage plants grown in saline soil produced greater phenolics content (56.0%) with higher superoxide dismutase (17.2%) activity in CMB 20 -treated plots than CMB 0”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrogen content was enhanced by 10.1% under CMB 20 compared with CMB 0.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e0
- Outcome
- Leaf nitrogene5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 10.1e5
- Comparator
- CMB 0e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e5“Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents enhanced by 10.1, 28.1, and 18.4%, respectively, compared with CMB 0”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf phosphorus content was enhanced by 28.1% under CMB 20 compared with CMB 0.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e0
- Outcome
- phosphoruse5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 28.1e5
- Comparator
- CMB 0e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e5“Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents enhanced by 10.1, 28.1, and 18.4%, respectively, compared with CMB 0”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf potassium content was enhanced by 18.4% under CMB 20 compared with CMB 0.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e0
- Outcome
- potassiume5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 18.4%e5
- Comparator
- CMB 0e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e5“Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents enhanced by 10.1, 28.1, and 18.4%, respectively, compared with CMB 0”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 increased leaf number of cabbage by 41.8%.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e6
- Outcome
- leaf numbere6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 41.8%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e6“CMB 20 achieved the maximal improvements in leaf number plant − 1 (41.8%), leaf area plant − 1 (216.2%), above-ground biomass (174.5%), head circumference (38.2%) and marketable yield (101.6%) of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 increased leaf area of cabbage by 216.2%.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e6
- Outcome
- leaf areae6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 216.2%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e6“CMB 20 achieved the maximal improvements in leaf number plant − 1 (41.8%), leaf area plant − 1 (216.2%), above-ground biomass (174.5%), head circumference (38.2%) and marketable yield (101.6%) of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 increased above-ground biomass of cabbage by 174.5%.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e6
- Outcome
- above-ground biomasse6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 174.5%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e6“CMB 20 achieved the maximal improvements in leaf number plant − 1 (41.8%), leaf area plant − 1 (216.2%), above-ground biomass (174.5%), head circumference (38.2%) and marketable yield (101.6%) of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 increased head circumference of cabbage by 38.2%.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e6
- Outcome
- head circumferencee6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 38.2%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e6“CMB 20 achieved the maximal improvements in leaf number plant − 1 (41.8%), leaf area plant − 1 (216.2%), above-ground biomass (174.5%), head circumference (38.2%) and marketable yield (101.6%) of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB 20 increased marketable yield of cabbage by 101.6%.
- Taxon
- Brassica Oleracea var. CapitataBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- CMB 20e6
- Outcome
- marketable yielde6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 101.6%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Compost-mixed Biochar Improves Saline Soil Properties and Enhances Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata physio-biochemical Responses”
e0“CMB 20 was the effective practice for reducing dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH, and electrical conductivity”
e6“CMB 20 achieved the maximal improvements in leaf number plant − 1 (41.8%), leaf area plant − 1 (216.2%), above-ground biomass (174.5%), head circumference (38.2%) and marketable yield (101.6%) of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
CMB application at 20 t/ha can be recommended for cabbage production to obtain high yield and quality.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae7
- Outcome
- high yield and qualitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“can be recommended as an agronomic practice for cabbage production to obtain high yield and quality”
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See all 146 papers →8 of 18 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.