Abstract
Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally, have growth and survival directly linked to forest ecosystem stability. With global warming intensifying heat stress events, Populus often faces growth inhibition, membrane damage, and metabolic disorders, threatening forest resilience. Iron chloride E6, a novel plant growth regulator, shows potential in enhancing stress resistance. This study aimed to improve thermotolerance of “84 K” poplar tissue cultured seedlings by screening optimal ICE6 concentration and elucidating its mechanism. Phenotypic observation initially screened concentrations from 0.01 to 0.08 μg/mL, with 0.04 μg/mL selected. High temperature stress tests measured physiological indices (chlorophyll, root activity, malondialdehyde, osmotic substances, antioxidant enzymes). Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, along with gene expression profiling, were conducted. Results showed 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 significantly promoted seedling growth. Under stress, it reduced MDA accumulation, slowed relative conductivity increase, and enhanced osmotic and antioxidant capacities. Transcriptomics identified 3789 differentially expressed genes, while metabolomics detected 819 differentially accumulated metabolites. Key genes correlated with dehydroascorbic acid and 2,3-diketo- L -gulonic acid. Mechanistically, 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 maintained membrane integrity, alleviated oxidative damage, boosted antioxidants, and upregulated sugars/proline. Regulation involved hormone signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid related antioxidant metabolism. This study represents the first application of ICE6 in the large-scale propagation system of poplar tissue-cultured plantlets, filling a research gap in the use of novel regulators for stress resistance in forest tree tissue-cultured plantlets. By analyzing key targets mediating heat tolerance via ICE6 at transcriptional and metabolic levels, it provides insights for genetic improvement of poplar stress resistance from these dual perspectives. Furthermore, this work lays a theoretical and technical foundation for directional regulation of stress resistance during industrial production of tissue-cultured plantlets, ultimately contributing to enhancing the resilience of forest ecosystems under climate change. • We first validated ICE6 function in the woody plant “84 K”. • We quantified ICE6-mediated physiological enhancement of “84 K” poplar under heat stress. • Elucidated the thermotolerance mechanism mediated by ICE6 under high temperature. • We revealed ICE6's regulation of key pathways, providing actionable targets for tree thermotolerance improvement.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The regulator ICE6 at 0.04 μg/mL significantly promoted poplar seedling growth.
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e1“Results showed 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 significantly promoted seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high temperature stress, ICE6 reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in poplar seedlings.
- Treatment
- High temperature stresse7
- Outcome
- MDA accumulatione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- Under stresse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e2“Under stress, it reduced MDA accumulation, slowed relative conductivity increase, and enhanced osmotic and antioxidant capacities”
e7“High temperature stress tests measured physiological indices”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high temperature stress, ICE6 slowed the increase in relative conductivity of poplar seedlings.
- Treatment
- High temperature stresse7
- Outcome
- relative conductivity increasee2
- Direction
- slowede2
- Qualifier
- Under stresse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e2“Under stress, it reduced MDA accumulation, slowed relative conductivity increase, and enhanced osmotic and antioxidant capacities”
e7“High temperature stress tests measured physiological indices”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high temperature stress, ICE6 enhanced osmotic and antioxidant capacities of poplar seedlings.
- Treatment
- High temperature stresse7
- Outcome
- osmotic and antioxidant capacitiese2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Qualifier
- Under stresse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e2“Under stress, it reduced MDA accumulation, slowed relative conductivity increase, and enhanced osmotic and antioxidant capacities”
e7“High temperature stress tests measured physiological indices”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptomics identified 3789 differentially expressed genes in ICE6-treated poplar seedlings.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e3“Transcriptomics identified 3789 differentially expressed genes, while metabolomics detected 819 differentially accumulated metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolomics detected 819 differentially accumulated metabolites in ICE6-treated poplar seedlings.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e3“Transcriptomics identified 3789 differentially expressed genes, while metabolomics detected 819 differentially accumulated metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
Key genes in poplar seedlings were correlated with dehydroascorbic acid.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e4“Key genes correlated with dehydroascorbic acid and 2,3-diketo- L -gulonic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Key genes in poplar seedlings were correlated with 2,3-diketo-L-gulonic acid.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e4“Key genes correlated with dehydroascorbic acid and 2,3-diketo- L -gulonic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
ICE6 at 0.04 μg/mL maintained membrane integrity in poplar seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e5“Mechanistically, 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 maintained membrane integrity, alleviated oxidative damage, boosted antioxidants, and upregulated sugars/proline”
Claim · model-written summary
ICE6 at 0.04 μg/mL alleviated oxidative damage in poplar seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e5“Mechanistically, 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 maintained membrane integrity, alleviated oxidative damage, boosted antioxidants, and upregulated sugars/proline”
Claim · model-written summary
ICE6 at 0.04 μg/mL upregulated sugars and proline in poplar seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e5“Mechanistically, 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 maintained membrane integrity, alleviated oxidative damage, boosted antioxidants, and upregulated sugars/proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Regulation of heat tolerance by ICE6 in poplar involves hormone signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid-related antioxidant metabolism.
- Outcome
- Regulatione6
- Qualifier
- hormone signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid related antioxidant metabolisme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally”
e6“Regulation involved hormone signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid related antioxidant metabolism”
The same questions in other papers
heat · physiology: oxidative · Populus (poplar)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
heat · molecular: metabolites · Populus (poplar)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.