Abstract
ABSTRACT Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) establish beneficial associations with plants, enhancing nutrient uptake, growth, and stress tolerance. Cannabis sativa L., a medicinal plant producing over 300 specialized metabolites with relevant medicinal properties, remains underexplored for PGPR influence on its metabolism. This study assessed the ability of four PGPR taxa: Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Flavobacterium , and Burkholderia to colonize roots and modulate cannabinoid metabolism. Two Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) drug‐type C. sativa cultivars, Amnesia Haze and Gorilla Glue, were tested. Plants grown hydroponically were inoculated under controlled conditions. Root colonization was confirmed via endophyte‐specific assays. Phenotypic analyses revealed no effects on plant phenotype, while chemical analyses revealed a response shared across taxa and cultivars. Bacterial inoculation increased the precursor cannabinoid Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) concentration significantly by +27.37% while reducing Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 ‐THC) by −15.76%. The CBGA/THCA and THCA/CBDA ratios shifted significantly, indicating a favored CBGA accumulation and CBDA production, respectively. PGPR treatments reduced in vivo and post‐harvest decarboxylation of THCA into Δ 9 ‐THC, preserving the acidic cannabinoid profile. Under a standardized, soilless hydroponic regimen with a single shared reservoir and identical fertigation across groups, PGPR colonization was associated with shifts in cannabinoid metabolism and reduced decarboxylation. This study demonstrates that PGPR can influence the specialized metabolism of high‐THCA C. sativa , offering insights into sustainable cultivation and pharmaceutical exploitation of this relevant medicinal plant species.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR colonization of cannabis roots was confirmed.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis sativat0 - Organ / stage
- Rootst0
- Interactor
- Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteriat0symbiont
- Outcome
- Root colonizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root colonization was confirmed via endophyte‐specific assays”
t0“Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria Colonize Δ 9 ‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Drug‐Type Cannabis sativa L. Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation had no reported effect on plant phenotype.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteriat0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant phenotypee0
- Direction
- no effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenotypic analyses revealed no effects on plant phenotype”
e1“Bacterial inoculation increased the precursor cannabinoid Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) concentration significantly by +27.37%”
t0“Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria Colonize Δ 9 ‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Drug‐Type Cannabis sativa L. Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical response to PGPR was shared across bacterial taxa and cannabis cultivars.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Interactor
- Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteriat0symbiont
- Outcome
- response shared across taxa and cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical analyses revealed a response shared across taxa and cultivars”
t0“Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria Colonize Δ 9 ‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Drug‐Type Cannabis sativa L. Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased CBGA concentration by 27.37%.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteriat0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- +27.37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial inoculation increased the precursor cannabinoid Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) concentration significantly by +27.37%”
t0“Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria Colonize Δ 9 ‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Drug‐Type Cannabis sativa L. Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation reduced Δ 9 ‐THC by 15.76%.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteriat0symbiont
- Outcome
- Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 ‐THC)e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- −15.76%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 ‐THC) by −15.76%”
e1“Bacterial inoculation increased the precursor cannabinoid Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) concentration significantly by +27.37%”
t0“Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria Colonize Δ 9 ‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Drug‐Type Cannabis sativa L. Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
CBGA to THCA ratio shifted significantly, favoring CBGA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- PGPR treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteriat0symbiont
- Outcome
- CBGA/THCAe0
- Qualifier
- favored CBGA accumulatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CBGA/THCA and THCA/CBDA ratios shifted significantly, indicating a favored CBGA accumulation and CBDA production, respectively”
e1“PGPR treatments reduced in vivo and post‐harvest decarboxylation of THCA into Δ 9 ‐THC”
t0“Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria Colonize Δ 9 ‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Drug‐Type Cannabis sativa L. Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
THCA to CBDA ratio shifted significantly, indicating favored CBDA production.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- PGPR treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteriat0symbiont
- Outcome
- THCA/CBDAe0
- Qualifier
- CBDA productione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CBGA/THCA and THCA/CBDA ratios shifted significantly, indicating a favored CBGA accumulation and CBDA production, respectively”
e1“PGPR treatments reduced in vivo and post‐harvest decarboxylation of THCA into Δ 9 ‐THC”
t0“Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria Colonize Δ 9 ‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Drug‐Type Cannabis sativa L. Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR treatment reduced in vivo THCA decarboxylation to THC.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- PGPR treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteriat0symbiont
- Outcome
- decarboxylation of THCA into Δ 9 ‐THCe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in vivoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR treatments reduced in vivo and post‐harvest decarboxylation of THCA into Δ 9 ‐THC”
t0“Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria Colonize Δ 9 ‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Drug‐Type Cannabis sativa L. Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR treatment reduced post harvest THCA decarboxylation to THC.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- PGPR treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteriat0symbiont
- Outcome
- post‐harvest decarboxylation of THCA into Δ 9 ‐THCe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR treatments reduced in vivo and post‐harvest decarboxylation of THCA into Δ 9 ‐THC”
t0“Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria Colonize Δ 9 ‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Drug‐Type Cannabis sativa L. Roots”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Cannabis sativaResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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- positive
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