Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production in India is constrained by its cultivation on marginal, nutrient- and moisture-deficient lands. This study aimed to enhance sunflower productivity by improving assimilate partitioning efficiency and source-sink relationships. This shows common limitations of low harvest index (HI) and inefficient nutrient allocation in the sunflower crop. Hence, the experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bangalore, during kharif and rabi seasons of 2022 and 2023 to evaluate modifications in source–sink relationship and assimilate partitioning for enhancing HI in sunflower. The experiment consisted of 9 treatments, tested in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice using sunflower hybrid KBSH-44. The results revealed that among the different treatments, the application of 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stage, consistently outperformed others across seasons. These treatments notably increased plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate, seed filling percentage and final seed yield. Defoliation treatments provided valuable insights into the plant’s ability to redistribute assimilates under reduced source conditions, demonstrating compensatory mechanisms within the crop. The study highlights the importance of integrating plant growth regulators (PGRs), precise nutrient management and strategic canopy modifications to enhance source-sink efficiency and overall productivity in sunflowers.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased plant height.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stagee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stage, consistently outperformed others across seasons. These treatments notably increased plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate, seed filling percentage and final seed yield.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased leaf area index.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stagee0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stage, consistently outperformed others across seasons. These treatments notably increased plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate, seed filling percentage and final seed yield.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased crop growth rate.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stagee0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stage, consistently outperformed others across seasons. These treatments notably increased plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate, seed filling percentage and final seed yield.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased seed filling percentage.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stagee0
- Outcome
- seed filling percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stage, consistently outperformed others across seasons. These treatments notably increased plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate, seed filling percentage and final seed yield.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased final seed yield.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stagee0
- Outcome
- final seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 3000 ppm chlormequat chloride (cycocel) and double nitrogen (N) at sowing, combined with a micronutrient mixture at the ray floret stage, consistently outperformed others across seasons. These treatments notably increased plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate, seed filling percentage and final seed yield.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliated sunflower redistributed assimilates under reduced source conditions.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Defoliation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- redistribute assimilatese0
- Qualifier
- under reduced source conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation treatments provided valuable insights into the plant’s ability to redistribute assimilates under reduced source conditions, demonstrating compensatory mechanisms within the crop.”
t0“Sunflower”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.