Abstract
Citrus fruit quality for fresh consumption largely depends on nutrient availability, with potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) playing a central role. However, the uptake of these nutrients is influenced by the presence of the others, often resulting in antagonistic interactions. To investigate whether K affects Mg and Ca accumulation in citrus fruits, a three-year field trial was conducted using ‘Salustiana’ orange trees. Plants were annually fertilized with high (216 kg.ha−1 K2O), medium (108 kg.ha−1 K2O), or low (54 kg.ha−1 K2O) K doses. Leaf samples were collected annually, and fruit flavedo was sampled monthly from spring until the commercial harvest in June. High K application increased leaf and flavedo K concentration ([K]), accompanied by a decrease in [Mg] and [Ca]. In high-K treatments, the flavedo exhibited a pronounced [K] peak during summer compared to medium and low treatments, concomitantly with a reduction in the Mg and Ca accumulation. These findings confirm that K-induced antagonism on Mg and Ca occur in citrus fruit tissues and demonstrate that the substantial K influx during summer impaired Mg and Ca uptake. Despite these alterations in nutrient composition, fruit quality parameters, including peel thickness, external fruit color, firmness, soluble solids content, and acidity of ‘Salustiana’ oranges, remained unaltered. Above all, this work reports that the well-known K antagonism on Mg and Ca it also occurs in a specific tissue such as the flavedo of ‘Salustiana’ orange.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
High K application increased leaf and flavedo K concentration in Salustiana orange.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensist0 - Organ / stage
- leaf and flavedoe1
- Treatment
- High K applicatione1
- Outcome
- leaf and flavedo K concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis”
e1“High K application increased leaf and flavedo K concentration”
e2“a three-year field trial was conducted using ‘Salustiana’ orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
High K application decreased leaf and flavedo Mg and Ca concentrations.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and flavedoe1
- Treatment
- High K applicatione1
- Outcome
- [Mg] and [Ca]e3
- Direction
- decreasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis”
e1“High K application increased leaf and flavedo K concentration”
e3“accompanied by a decrease in [Mg] and [Ca]”
Claim · model-written summary
In high-K treatments, the flavedo shows a pronounced [K] peak in summer relative to medium and low treatments.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- flavedoe4
- Treatment
- high-K treatmentse4
- Outcome
- [K] peake4
- Direction
- pronouncede4
- Qualifier
- during summere4
- Comparator
- medium and low treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis”
e4“In high-K treatments, the flavedo exhibited a pronounced [K] peak during summer compared to medium and low treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In high-K treatments, flavedo Mg and Ca accumulation is reduced relative to medium and low treatments.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- flavedoe4
- Treatment
- high-K treatmentse4
- Outcome
- Mg and Ca accumulatione5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Comparator
- medium and low treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis”
e4“In high-K treatments, the flavedo exhibited a pronounced [K] peak during summer compared to medium and low treatments”
e5“concomitantly with a reduction in the Mg and Ca accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The substantial K influx during summer impairs Mg and Ca uptake in citrus fruit.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- substantial K influx during summere6
- Outcome
- Mg and Ca uptakee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis”
e6“the substantial K influx during summer impaired Mg and Ca uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
K-induced antagonism on Mg and Ca occurs in citrus fruit tissues.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- fruit tissuese7
- Treatment
- Ke7
- Outcome
- antagonism on Mg and Cae7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis”
e7“K-induced antagonism on Mg and Ca occur in citrus fruit tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit quality parameters of Salustiana oranges remained unaltered despite the nutrient changes.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensist0
- Outcome
- fruit quality parameterse1
- Direction
- remained unalterede1
- Qualifier
- peel thickness, external fruit color, firmness, soluble solids content, and aciditye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus sinensis”
e1“fruit quality parameters, including peel thickness, external fruit color, firmness, soluble solids content, and acidity of ‘Salustiana’ oranges, remained unaltered”
The same questions in other papers
potassium · nutrient: content · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.