Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important global food crop, being greatly valued for its high carbohydrate content and nutritional profile. In response to the world population’s rapid growth and the increasing need for nutritionally enhanced food quality, potato biofortification has become a key focus of agronomic research. This study investigated the effect of calcium (Ca) biofortification on two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal, assessing its impact on the photosynthetic functioning and the Ca content and distribution of tubers. At the beginning of the tuberization stage, seven foliar applications of CaCl2 or Ca-EDTA at 12 kg ha−1 were performed. The application of Ca-EDTA led to an increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Picasso (37%) and Rossi (16%), and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls, with Ca predominantly accumulating in the epidermis/peel region. Photosynthetic performance was negatively impacted by the Ca-EDTA treatment in Picasso but not in Rossi, which was reflected in the significant declines in net photosynthesis (Pn) and maximal (Fv/Fm) and actual (Fv′/Fm) photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. Additionally, both genotypes showed negative impacts (greater in Picasso) on the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport (Y(II)) and photochemical quenching (qL) after five foliar applications. This contrasted with the absence of negative impacts under the use of CaCl2, which resulted in 17.1% (Picasso) and 29.5% (RFossi) increase in Ca content in peeled tubers, without any significant differences between the unpeeled tubers of both cvs. Moreover, only with CaCl2, the tuber weight and yield were not negatively impacted. These findings pointed out that, although with a lower Ca increase in the tubers, CaCl2 was the best suitable option for the Ca biofortification of these cvs. at the applied doses.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Ca-EDTA foliar application increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Picasso by 37% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Material
- Picassoe0
- Organ / stage
- peeled tuberse1
- Treatment
- Ca-EDTAe1
- Outcome
- Ca contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 37%e1
- Comparator
- their controlse2
- Setting
- Portugale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e1“The application of Ca-EDTA led to an increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Picasso (37%) and Rossi (16%)”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca-EDTA foliar application increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Rossi by 16% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Rossie0
- Organ / stage
- peeled tuberse1
- Treatment
- Ca-EDTAe1
- Outcome
- Ca contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 16%e1
- Comparator
- their controlse2
- Setting
- Portugale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e1“The application of Ca-EDTA led to an increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Picasso (37%) and Rossi (16%)”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca-EDTA foliar application increased Ca content in unpeeled tubers of Picasso by 88% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Picassoe0
- Organ / stage
- unpeeled tuberse2
- Treatment
- Ca-EDTAe1
- Outcome
- Ca contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 88%e2
- Comparator
- their controlse2
- Setting
- Portugale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e1“The application of Ca-EDTA led to an increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Picasso (37%) and Rossi (16%)”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca-EDTA foliar application increased Ca content in unpeeled tubers of Rossi by 79% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Rossie0
- Organ / stage
- unpeeled tuberse2
- Treatment
- Ca-EDTAe1
- Outcome
- Ca contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 79%e2
- Comparator
- their controlse2
- Setting
- Portugale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e1“The application of Ca-EDTA led to an increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Picasso (37%) and Rossi (16%)”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
Claim · model-written summary
After Ca-EDTA application, Ca predominantly accumulated in the epidermis/peel region of tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- epidermis/peel regione3
- Treatment
- Ca-EDTAe1
- Outcome
- Ca predominantly accumulatinge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e1“The application of Ca-EDTA led to an increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Picasso (37%) and Rossi (16%)”
e3“with Ca predominantly accumulating in the epidermis/peel region”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca-EDTA significantly reduced net photosynthesis and maximal and actual PSII photochemical efficiency in Picasso.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Picassoe0
- Treatment
- Ca-EDTA treatmente4
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis (Pn) and maximal (Fv/Fm) and actual (Fv′/Fm) photochemical efficiency of photosystem IIe4
- Direction
- negatively impactede4
- Comparator
- their controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
e4“Photosynthetic performance was negatively impacted by the Ca-EDTA treatment in Picasso but not in Rossi, which was reflected in the significant declines in net photosynthesis (Pn) and maximal (Fv/Fm) and actual (Fv′/Fm) photochemical efficiency of photosystem II”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca-EDTA did not change photosynthetic performance in Rossi.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Rossie0
- Treatment
- Ca-EDTA treatmente4
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic performancee4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- their controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
e4“Photosynthetic performance was negatively impacted by the Ca-EDTA treatment in Picasso but not in Rossi, which was reflected in the significant declines in net photosynthesis (Pn) and maximal (Fv/Fm) and actual (Fv′/Fm) photochemical efficiency of photosystem II”
Claim · model-written summary
Picasso showed negative impacts on the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport and photochemical quenching after five foliar applications, greater than in Rossi.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Picassoe0
- Treatment
- five foliar applicationse5
- Outcome
- quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport (Y(II)) and photochemical quenching (qL)e5
- Direction
- negative impactse5
- Qualifier
- greater in Picassoe5
- Comparator
- their controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
e5“Additionally, both genotypes showed negative impacts (greater in Picasso) on the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport (Y(II)) and photochemical quenching (qL) after five foliar applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Rossi showed negative impacts on the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport and photochemical quenching after five foliar applications.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Rossie0
- Treatment
- five foliar applicationse5
- Outcome
- quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport (Y(II)) and photochemical quenching (qL)e5
- Direction
- negative impactse5
- Qualifier
- both genotypese5
- Comparator
- their controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
e5“Additionally, both genotypes showed negative impacts (greater in Picasso) on the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport (Y(II)) and photochemical quenching (qL) after five foliar applications”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Picasso by 17.1% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Picassoe0
- Organ / stage
- peeled tuberse6
- Treatment
- CaCl2e6
- Outcome
- Ca contente6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 17.1%e6
- Comparator
- their controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
e6“This contrasted with the absence of negative impacts under the use of CaCl2, which resulted in 17.1% (Picasso) and 29.5% (RFossi) increase in Ca content in peeled tubers, without any significant differences between the unpeeled tubers of both cvs”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 increased Ca content in peeled tubers of Rossi by 29.5% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Rossie0
- Organ / stage
- peeled tuberse6
- Treatment
- CaCl2e6
- Outcome
- Ca contente6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 29.5%e6
- Comparator
- their controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
e6“This contrasted with the absence of negative impacts under the use of CaCl2, which resulted in 17.1% (Picasso) and 29.5% (RFossi) increase in Ca content in peeled tubers, without any significant differences between the unpeeled tubers of both cvs”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 did not negatively impact tuber weight and yield.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e7
- Outcome
- tuber weight and yielde7
- Direction
- not negatively impactede7
- Comparator
- their controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
e7“Moreover, only with CaCl2, the tuber weight and yield were not negatively impacted”
Claim · model-written summary
Under CaCl2, the two cultivars did not differ significantly in unpeeled tuber Ca content.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- unpeeled tuberse6
- Treatment
- CaCl2e6
- Outcome
- significant differences between the unpeeled tuberse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e6“This contrasted with the absence of negative impacts under the use of CaCl2, which resulted in 17.1% (Picasso) and 29.5% (RFossi) increase in Ca content in peeled tubers, without any significant differences between the unpeeled tubers of both cvs”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 showed no negative impacts, in contrast to Ca-EDTA.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e6
- Outcome
- negative impactse6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Comparator
- their controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e2“and 88% and 79% in unpeeled tubers, in the same cv. order and as compared to their controls”
e6“This contrasted with the absence of negative impacts under the use of CaCl2, which resulted in 17.1% (Picasso) and 29.5% (RFossi) increase in Ca content in peeled tubers, without any significant differences between the unpeeled tubers of both cvs”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 is the best suitable option for Ca biofortification of these cultivars at the applied doses.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e7
- Outcome
- best suitable option for the Ca biofortificatione7
- Qualifier
- at the applied dosese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two potato cultivars (Picasso and Rossi) cultivated in Portugal”
e7“These findings pointed out that, although with a lower Ca increase in the tubers, CaCl2 was the best suitable option for the Ca biofortification of these cvs. at the applied doses”
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