Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions, but its productivity is severely limited by soil salinity. Brassinosteroids (BR) have emerged as promising natural regulators that can enhance plant resilience to abiotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the mitigating effect of BR on salt stress in two cowpea cultivars with contrasting tolerance (BRS Tapaihum, tolerant; Manteiguinha, sensitive) by analyzing physiological and biochemical parameters. A completely randomized design was employed in a 2x3x3 factorial scheme, combining two cultivars, three NaCl concentrations (0, 75, and 150 mM), and three BR concentrations (0, 0.2, and 0.4 µM). Key analyses included electrolyte leakage, leaf Na⁺ and K⁺ content, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, alongside lipid peroxidation (MDA) assessment. Salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) significantly increased electrolyte leakage and sodium accumulation while decreasing potassium content. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was elevated under salt stress. Foliar application of BR significantly mitigated these effects by reducing Na⁺ accumulation, enhancing K⁺ retention, improving the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, which consequently decreased oxidative membrane damage (MDA). The tolerant cultivar, BRS Tapaihum, consistently exhibited a superior response to BR application compared to the sensitive Manteiguinha. These results demonstrate that BR application effectively enhances salt stress tolerance in cowpea by improving ionic homeostasis and reinforcing the antioxidant system. This suggests its strong potential as a biostimulant for sustainable cultivation in salinity-affected areas.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress of 150 mM NaCl significantly increased electrolyte leakage and sodium accumulation in cowpea leaves.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- Salinity stress (150 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage and sodium accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions”
e1“Salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) significantly increased electrolyte leakage and sodium accumulation while decreasing potassium content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress of 150 mM NaCl decreased leaf potassium content in cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- Salinity stress (150 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- potassium contente1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions”
e1“Salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) significantly increased electrolyte leakage and sodium accumulation while decreasing potassium content”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activity was elevated in cowpea under salt stress.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions”
e1“The activity of antioxidant enzymes was elevated under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar brassinosteroid application significantly reduced Na+ accumulation in salt-stressed cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of BRe2
- Outcome
- Na⁺ accumulatione2
- Direction
- reducinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions”
e2“Foliar application of BR significantly mitigated these effects by reducing Na⁺ accumulation, enhancing K⁺ retention, improving the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, which consequently decreased oxidative membrane damage (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar brassinosteroid application significantly enhanced K+ retention in salt-stressed cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of BRe2
- Outcome
- K⁺ retentione2
- Direction
- enhancinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions”
e2“Foliar application of BR significantly mitigated these effects by reducing Na⁺ accumulation, enhancing K⁺ retention, improving the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, which consequently decreased oxidative membrane damage (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar brassinosteroid application significantly improved the K+/Na+ ratio in salt-stressed cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of BRe2
- Outcome
- K⁺/Na⁺ ratioe2
- Direction
- improvinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions”
e2“Foliar application of BR significantly mitigated these effects by reducing Na⁺ accumulation, enhancing K⁺ retention, improving the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, which consequently decreased oxidative membrane damage (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar brassinosteroid application significantly modulated antioxidant enzyme activity in salt-stressed cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of BRe2
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye2
- Direction
- modulatinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions”
e2“Foliar application of BR significantly mitigated these effects by reducing Na⁺ accumulation, enhancing K⁺ retention, improving the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, which consequently decreased oxidative membrane damage (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar brassinosteroid application significantly decreased oxidative membrane damage (MDA) in salt-stressed cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of BRe2
- Outcome
- oxidative membrane damage (MDA)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions”
e2“Foliar application of BR significantly mitigated these effects by reducing Na⁺ accumulation, enhancing K⁺ retention, improving the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, which consequently decreased oxidative membrane damage (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The salt-tolerant cultivar BRS Tapaihum showed a superior response to BR application compared with the sensitive Manteiguinha.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Material
- BRS Tapaihume3
- Treatment
- BR applicatione3
- Outcome
- response to BR applicatione3
- Direction
- superiore3
- Comparator
- Manteiguinhae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a crucial crop for food security in tropical regions”
e3“The tolerant cultivar, BRS Tapaihum, consistently exhibited a superior response to BR application compared to the sensitive Manteiguinha”
Claim · model-written summary
BR application enhances salt stress tolerance in cowpea by improving ionic homeostasis and reinforcing the antioxidant system.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae3
- Treatment
- BR applicatione3
- Outcome
- salt stress tolerancee3
- Direction
- enhancese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“These results demonstrate that BR application effectively enhances salt stress tolerance in cowpea by improving ionic homeostasis and reinforcing the antioxidant system”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.