Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EF) have so far aroused little interest as plant growth promoters or nutritional enhancers. In this work, we examined the performance of Triticum durum and Triticum aestivum inoculated with Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium brunneum by application to soil or seed dressing. Both species were pot-grown on two unsterilized Zn-poor calcareous Vertisols. The effects of fungal inoculation were found to depend on crop species, soil type, sampling time and fungus application method. Both fungi exhibited significant detrimental effects at early and intermediate growth stages with some combinations of crop, soil and fungal treatment. In T. durum, direct application of B. bassiana to the soil significantly decreased grain yield (6.6%) and aerial dry matter (ADM) at harvest (5.3%), whereas direct application of M. brunneum decreased grain yield significantly (5.5%), and seed dressing with either fungus had an overall positive but not significant effect on ADM or grain yield. In T. aestivum, none of the fungus‒application method combinations affected yield at harvest significantly. Fungal inoculation had little influence on nutrient uptake, whereas application to soil increased Mn uptake and grain Mn concentration in T. durum. Zinc uptake was significantly increased only in T. aestivum grown on the soil with the lowest Zn content treated with M. brunneum. Gains in grain Zn concentration were mostly related to losses in grain yield resulting from the fungal treatments. These results support seed dressing with EF as a promising green technology for sustainable agriculture with no adverse effects on plant performance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soil applied B. bassiana reduced T. durum grain yield by 6.6%.
- Taxon
- T. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume0 - Treatment
- direct application of B. bassiana to the soile0
- Interactor
- B. bassiana
Beauveria bassianae0symbiont - Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In T. durum, direct application of B. bassiana to the soil significantly decreased grain yield (6.6%) and aerial dry matter (ADM) at harvest (5.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil applied B. bassiana reduced T. durum aerial dry matter by 5.3%.
- Taxon
- T. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- direct application of B. bassiana to the soile0
- Interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0symbiont
- Outcome
- aerial dry matter (ADM)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In T. durum, direct application of B. bassiana to the soil significantly decreased grain yield (6.6%) and aerial dry matter (ADM) at harvest (5.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil applied M. brunneum reduced T. durum grain yield by 5.5%.
- Taxon
- T. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- direct application of M. brunneume0
- Interactor
- M. brunneumMetarhizium brunneume0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct application of M. brunneum decreased grain yield significantly (5.5%)”
e1“In T. durum, direct application of B. bassiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed dressing with either fungus had a positive but nonsignificant effect on T. durum dry matter and grain yield.
- Taxon
- T. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- seed dressing with either funguse0
- Outcome
- ADM or grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed dressing with either fungus had an overall positive but not significant effect on ADM or grain yield.”
e1“In T. durum, direct application of B. bassiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungus and application method combinations did not significantly affect T. aestivum harvest yield.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- yield at harveste0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In T. aestivum, none of the fungus‒application method combinations affected yield at harvest significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation had little influence on nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fungal inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- little influencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungal inoculation had little influence on nutrient uptake”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application increased manganese uptake in T. durum.
- Taxon
- T. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- application to soile0
- Outcome
- Mn uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application to soil increased Mn uptake and grain Mn concentration in T. durum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application increased grain manganese concentration in T. durum.
- Taxon
- T. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- application to soile0
- Outcome
- grain Mn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application to soil increased Mn uptake and grain Mn concentration in T. durum.”
Claim · model-written summary
M. brunneum increased zinc uptake only in T. aestivum on the lowest zinc soil.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- treated with M. brunneume0
- Interactor
- M. brunneumMetarhizium brunneume0symbiont
- Outcome
- Zinc uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- soil with the lowest Zn contente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc uptake was significantly increased only in T. aestivum grown on the soil with the lowest Zn content treated with M. brunneum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher grain zinc concentration was mostly associated with fungal treatment yield losses.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungal treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- Gainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gains in grain Zn concentration were mostly related to losses in grain yield resulting from the fungal treatments.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor seed dressing with entomopathogenic fungi for sustainable agriculture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seed dressing with EFe0
- Outcome
- no adverse effects on plant performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results support seed dressing with EF as a promising green technology for sustainable agriculture with no adverse effects on plant performance.”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
Beauveria bassiana · growth · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Metarhizium brunneum · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.