Abstract
Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) is a key anionic lipid of thylakoid membranes, but its contribution to drought tolerance remains poorly understood. In this study, the Eucommia ulmoides SQDG synthase gene EuSQD2 was functionally characterized and heterologously expressed in tobacco. EuSQD2 showed preferential expression in young leaves and encoded a conserved SQDG synthase. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EuSQD2 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance, as evidenced by reduced wilting, lower reactive oxygen species accumulation, improved photosynthetic performance, higher water use efficiency, and increased relative water content. Lipidomic analyses revealed substantial SQDG accumulation accompanied by coordinated remodeling of membrane lipids, including elevated phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine levels. Ultrastructural observations demonstrated that EuSQD2 overexpression effectively preserved chloroplast and thylakoid integrity under drought stress. Moreover, transgenic plants displayed optimized stomatal regulation, enhanced proline accumulation, reduced lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Transcriptomic analyses indicated enrichment of pathways related to photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, antioxidant defense, and stomatal regulation. These results demonstrate that EuSQD2 enhances drought tolerance by promoting SQDG-mediated membrane stabilization and coordinated physiological and molecular adjustments.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 was preferentially expressed in young leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
- Taxon
- Eucommia ulmoides
Eucommia ulmoidest0 - Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Gene
- EuSQD2e0
- Outcome
- preferential expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eucommia ulmoides”
e0“EuSQD2 showed preferential expression in young leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 encodes a conserved SQDG synthase.
- Taxon
- Eucommia ulmoidesEucommia ulmoidest0
- Gene
- SQDG synthasee1
- Outcome
- conserved SQDG synthasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eucommia ulmoides”
e1“encoded a conserved SQDG synthase”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic tobacco overexpressing EuSQD2 showed enhanced drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- overexpressing EuSQD2e2
- Gene
- EuSQD2e2
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e2“Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EuSQD2 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 overexpression reduced wilting of tobacco under drought.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressing EuSQD2e2
- Outcome
- wiltinge3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e2“Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EuSQD2 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance”
e3“reduced wilting”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 overexpression lowered reactive oxygen species accumulation in tobacco under drought.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressing EuSQD2e2
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species accumulatione4
- Direction
- lowere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e2“Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EuSQD2 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance”
e4“lower reactive oxygen species accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 overexpression improved photosynthetic performance of tobacco under drought.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressing EuSQD2e2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performancee5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e2“Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EuSQD2 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance”
e5“improved photosynthetic performance”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 overexpression gave higher water use efficiency in tobacco under drought.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressing EuSQD2e2
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e2“Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EuSQD2 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance”
e6“higher water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 overexpression increased relative water content of tobacco under drought.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressing EuSQD2e2
- Outcome
- relative water contente7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e2“Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EuSQD2 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance”
e7“increased relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 overexpression increased SQDG accumulation in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressing EuSQD2e1
- Outcome
- SQDG accumulatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“Lipidomic analyses revealed substantial SQDG accumulation”
e1“Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EuSQD2”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 overexpression elevated phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine levels in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressing EuSQD2e1
- Outcome
- phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“elevated phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine levels”
e1“Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EuSQD2”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 overexpression preserved chloroplast and thylakoid integrity in tobacco under drought stress.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- EuSQD2 overexpressione0
- Gene
- EuSQD2e0
- Outcome
- chloroplast and thylakoid integritye0
- Direction
- preservede0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“EuSQD2 overexpression effectively preserved chloroplast and thylakoid integrity under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic tobacco showed optimized stomatal regulation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- stomatal regulatione0
- Direction
- optimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“transgenic plants displayed optimized stomatal regulation, enhanced proline accumulation, reduced lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic tobacco showed enhanced proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“transgenic plants displayed optimized stomatal regulation, enhanced proline accumulation, reduced lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic tobacco showed reduced lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“transgenic plants displayed optimized stomatal regulation, enhanced proline accumulation, reduced lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic tobacco showed increased antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“transgenic plants displayed optimized stomatal regulation, enhanced proline accumulation, reduced lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptomic analyses showed enrichment of pathways related to photosynthesis, lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- enrichment of pathways related to photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, antioxidant defensee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“Transcriptomic analyses indicated enrichment of pathways related to photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, antioxidant defense, and stomatal regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptomic analyses showed enrichment of pathways related to stomatal regulation in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- stomatal regulatione0
- Qualifier
- Transcriptomic analyses indicated enrichment of pathways related to photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, antioxidant defense, and stomatal regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“Transcriptomic analyses indicated enrichment of pathways related to photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, antioxidant defense, and stomatal regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
EuSQD2 enhances drought tolerance in tobacco by promoting SQDG-mediated membrane stabilization.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- EuSQD2e0
- Compound
- SQDGe0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- SQDG-mediated membrane stabilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transgenic tobaccos”
e0“These results demonstrate that EuSQD2 enhances drought tolerance by promoting SQDG-mediated membrane stabilization”