Abstract
Consumer concern about pesticide residues in food has increased markedly, and strawberries are among the most criticized crops, due to frequent pesticide applications resulting in multiple residues of synthetic active ingredients at harvest. Strawberry powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera aphanis ) is one of the major drivers of frequent chemical treatments, applied according to calendar-based schedules. To date, natural fungicides have not yet proven capable of fully replacing synthetic chemicals, underscoring the need for integrated well-designed strategies that ensure disease control while reducing residues on fruit. This study assessed a residue-reduction strategy in everbearing high-tunnel production, in which synthetic chemical fungicides were limited to the pre-flowering stage and replaced by natural fungicides (lupin seed extract, potassium bicarbonate, or sulfur) post-flowering. This integrated approach was compared with a standard calendar-based chemical strategy, and with two controls: synthetic fungicides up to pre-flowering followed by water, and an untreated water control. Residue analyses were conducted from the beginning of harvest. Results show that limiting synthetic fungicides to pre-flowering and applying natural products thereafter reduced up to 57% residue number and provided control comparable to the standard strategy, particularly with potassium bicarbonate or sulfur with up to 63% fruit incidence reduction. Lupin seed extract was slightly less effective under high disease pressure (15% higher fruit incidence) but still contributed to disease suppression. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of low-residue strawberry production and support the integration of natural fungicides into well-designed management strategies.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-flowering synthetic fungicides followed by natural products reduced residue number by up to 57%.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- limiting synthetic fungicides to pre-flowering and applying natural products thereaftere0
- Outcome
- residue numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“limiting synthetic fungicides to pre-flowering and applying natural products thereafter reduced up to 57% residue number”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium bicarbonate after pre-flowering synthetic fungicides gave up to 63% lower fruit incidence.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- potassium bicarbonatee0
- Interactor
- Podosphaera aphanis
Podosphaera aphanist0pathogen - Outcome
- fruit incidencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“particularly with potassium bicarbonate or sulfur with up to 63% fruit incidence reduction”
t0“Strawberry powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera aphanis )”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur after pre-flowering synthetic fungicides gave up to 63% lower fruit incidence.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- sulfure0
- Outcome
- fruit incidencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“particularly with potassium bicarbonate or sulfur with up to 63% fruit incidence reduction”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Lupin seed extract yielded 15% higher fruit incidence under high disease pressure.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Lupin seed extracte0
- Outcome
- fruit incidencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- high disease pressuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lupin seed extract was slightly less effective under high disease pressure (15% higher fruit incidence) but still contributed to disease suppression”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors support integration of natural fungicides for low-residue strawberry production.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- integration of natural fungicides into well-designed management strategiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“support the integration of natural fungicides into well-designed management strategies”
t0“strawberry”
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