Abstract
Seed priming studies commonly emphasize growth and physiological responses, yet ionomic regulation and tissue-specific nutrient allocation under salinity stress remain poorly explored, particularly in underutilized crops such as Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.). This study investigated whether Mg(NO3)2 seed priming, previously shown to enhance salt tolerance, is associated with consistent ionomic patterns in contrasting Bambara groundnut genotypes (BGN-14 and BGN-25). Seeds were primed with 0.03% Mg(NO3)2 and grown under control or saline conditions (200 mM NaCl) for five weeks. Shoot and root tissues were analyzed for macro- and micronutrient composition using ICP-OES. In BGN-14, salinity caused a marked reduction in shoot fresh weight (−49.5%, p < 0.05), whereas Mg(NO3)2 priming largely mitigated this effect under salinity (−0.4%, p > 0.05). Root fresh weight declined numerically under salt stress (−70.1%) and primed + salt conditions (−45.5%), but these changes were not statistically significant. Shoot dry weight increased significantly in primed plants (+83.5%, p < 0.05), while salinity reduced SDW (−58.4%); primed + salt plants maintained SDW near control levels (+2.6%). In BGN-25, root biomass was unaffected by treatments, whereas salinity significantly reduced shoot biomass relative to primed plants, with a consistent trend of primed > control > primed + salt > salt. Salinity increased the Na+/K+ ratio, particularly in roots. In BGN-14, the root Na+/K+ ratio increased significantly from 1.07 to 4.49 (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced Na+ accumulation, while shoot ratios increased non-significantly. BGN-25 showed a more moderate increase in shoot ratios and a pronounced rise in root ratios. Principal component analysis revealed distinct nutrient clustering, with Na, Fe, and Al loading strongly under salinity, while Ca, K, Mg, and Cu aligned with improved physiological performance. Although differences between salt and primed + salt treatments were often not statistically significant, several ion ratios and nutrient relationships were numerically enhanced under Mg(NO3)2 priming. This study builds upon earlier physiological findings (where BGN-14 consistently exhibited a stronger positive response to Mg(NO3)2 priming, outperforming BGN-25 under salt stress) and provides exploratory, hypothesis-generating evidence that Mg(NO3)2 priming may contribute to salinity tolerance through coordinated ionomic adjustments, including altered Na+ allocation and improved nutrient balance, rather than complete Na+ exclusion. These findings highlight the relevance of ionomic responses in understanding stress adaptation in underutilized legume crops.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
In BGN-14, salinity changed shoot fresh weight by −49.5%.
- Taxon
- Bambara Groundnut
Vigna subterraneat0 - Material
- BGN-14e0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- −49.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In BGN-14, salinity caused a marked reduction in shoot fresh weight (−49.5%, p < 0.05), whereas Mg(NO3)2 priming largely mitigated this effect under salinity (−0.4%, p > 0.05).”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
In BGN-14, Mg(NO3)2 priming changed shoot fresh weight by −0.4%.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Material
- BGN-14e0
- Treatment
- Mg(NO3)2 priminge0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
- Value
- −0.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In BGN-14, salinity caused a marked reduction in shoot fresh weight (−49.5%, p < 0.05), whereas Mg(NO3)2 priming largely mitigated this effect under salinity (−0.4%, p > 0.05).”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Root fresh weight declined numerically under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- −70.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root fresh weight declined numerically under salt stress (−70.1%) and primed + salt conditions (−45.5%), but these changes were not statistically significant.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Root fresh weight declined numerically under primed + salt conditions.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Treatment
- primed + salt conditionse0
- Outcome
- Root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- −45.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root fresh weight declined numerically under salt stress (−70.1%) and primed + salt conditions (−45.5%), but these changes were not statistically significant.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
primed plants had shoot dry weight change of +83.5%.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Treatment
- primed plantse0
- Outcome
- Shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- +83.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry weight increased significantly in primed plants (+83.5%, p < 0.05), while salinity reduced SDW (−58.4%); primed + salt plants maintained SDW near control levels (+2.6%).”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
salinity had shoot dry weight change of −58.4%.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- −58.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry weight increased significantly in primed plants (+83.5%, p < 0.05), while salinity reduced SDW (−58.4%); primed + salt plants maintained SDW near control levels (+2.6%).”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
primed + salt plants had shoot dry weight change of +2.6%.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Treatment
- primed + salt plantse0
- Outcome
- Shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Value
- +2.6%e0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry weight increased significantly in primed plants (+83.5%, p < 0.05), while salinity reduced SDW (−58.4%); primed + salt plants maintained SDW near control levels (+2.6%).”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
BGN-25 root biomass was unaffected by treatments.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Material
- BGN-25e0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In BGN-25, root biomass was unaffected by treatments, whereas salinity significantly reduced shoot biomass relative to primed plants, with a consistent trend of primed > control > primed + salt > salt.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced BGN-25 shoot biomass relative to primed plants.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Material
- BGN-25e0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- primed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In BGN-25, root biomass was unaffected by treatments, whereas salinity significantly reduced shoot biomass relative to primed plants, with a consistent trend of primed > control > primed + salt > salt.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Na+/K+ ratio, especially in roots.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity increased the Na+/K+ ratio, particularly in roots.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
BGN-14 root Na+/K+ ratio increased significantly from 1.07 to 4.49.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Material
- BGN-14e0
- Outcome
- root Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.49e0
- Qualifier
- 1.07e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In BGN-14, the root Na+/K+ ratio increased significantly from 1.07 to 4.49 (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced Na+ accumulation, while shoot ratios increased non-significantly.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
BGN-14 shoot ratios increased nonsignificantly.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Material
- BGN-14e0
- Outcome
- shoot ratiose0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In BGN-14, the root Na+/K+ ratio increased significantly from 1.07 to 4.49 (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced Na+ accumulation, while shoot ratios increased non-significantly.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
BGN-25 showed increase in shoot ratios.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Material
- BGN-25e0
- Outcome
- shoot ratiose0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BGN-25 showed a more moderate increase in shoot ratios and a pronounced rise in root ratios.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
BGN-25 showed rise in root ratios.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Material
- BGN-25e0
- Outcome
- root ratiose0
- Direction
- risee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BGN-25 showed a more moderate increase in shoot ratios and a pronounced rise in root ratios.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Na, Fe and Al loaded strongly under salinity in nutrient clustering.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na, Fe, and Al loading stronglye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Principal component analysis revealed distinct nutrient clustering, with Na, Fe, and Al loading strongly under salinity, while Ca, K, Mg, and Cu aligned with improved physiological performance.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca, K, Mg and Cu aligned with improved physiological performance.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Compound
- Ca, K, Mg, and Cue0
- Outcome
- improved physiological performancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Principal component analysis revealed distinct nutrient clustering, with Na, Fe, and Al loading strongly under salinity, while Ca, K, Mg, and Cu aligned with improved physiological performance.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Several ion ratios and nutrient relationships were numerically enhanced under priming, with differences often not significant.
- Taxon
- Bambara GroundnutVigna subterraneat0
- Treatment
- Mg(NO3)2 priminge0
- Outcome
- ion ratios and nutrient relationshipse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- salte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although differences between salt and primed + salt treatments were often not statistically significant, several ion ratios and nutrient relationships were numerically enhanced under Mg(NO3)2 priming.”
t0“Bambara Groundnut”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
seed treatment · growth · Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.