Abstract
Introduction Strawberries are highly perishable postharvest due to infection by pathogens such as Alternaria alternata , and chemical fungicides have drawbacks like residues and resistance. Clove extract exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, but its targeted inhibitory threshold and mechanism on strawberry postharvest pathogens remain unclear. Methods The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of clove extract against A. alternata was determined. “Benihoppe” strawberries were treated with MFC (30 mg/mL) and stored at 25°C/90% RH. Key quality indicators (firmness, VC content, weight loss rate, etc.) were monitored, and microbial community structure was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing. Results The MFC of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL, which reduced spore survival rate to 40.0% and increased cell membrane permeability. After 8 days of storage, the treatment group showed 68.3% higher firmness, 52.5% higher VC content, and 46.4% lower weight loss rate than the control. The abundance of spoilage microorganisms (e.g., Alternaria , Pantoea) decreased, while beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bacillus ) increased in the treatment group. Discussion Clove extract preserves strawberries by directly damaging the cell membrane of A. alternata and reshaping the fruit surface microbial community, providing a green alternative for postharvest preservation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The minimum fungicidal concentration of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- clove extracte3
- Interactor
- A. alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae3pathogen - Outcome
- MFCe3
- Value
- 30 mg/mLe3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e3“The MFC of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL, which reduced spore survival rate to 40.0% and increased cell membrane permeability”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove extract at the MFC reduced spore survival rate of A. alternata to 40.0%
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- clove extracte3
- Interactor
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae3pathogen
- Outcome
- spore survival ratee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 40.0%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e3“The MFC of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL, which reduced spore survival rate to 40.0% and increased cell membrane permeability”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove extract at the MFC increased cell membrane permeability of A. alternata
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- clove extracte3
- Interactor
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae3pathogen
- Outcome
- cell membrane permeabilitye3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e3“The MFC of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL, which reduced spore survival rate to 40.0% and increased cell membrane permeability”
Claim · model-written summary
After 8 days of storage, treated strawberries had 68.3% higher firmness than the control
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- clove extracte3
- Outcome
- firmnesse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 68.3%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e3“The MFC of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL, which reduced spore survival rate to 40.0% and increased cell membrane permeability”
e4“After 8 days of storage, the treatment group showed 68.3% higher firmness, 52.5% higher VC content, and 46.4% lower weight loss rate than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
After 8 days of storage, treated strawberries had 52.5% higher VC content than the control
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- clove extracte3
- Outcome
- VC contente4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 52.5%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e3“The MFC of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL, which reduced spore survival rate to 40.0% and increased cell membrane permeability”
e4“After 8 days of storage, the treatment group showed 68.3% higher firmness, 52.5% higher VC content, and 46.4% lower weight loss rate than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
After 8 days of storage, treated strawberries had 46.4% lower weight loss rate than the control
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- clove extracte3
- Outcome
- weight loss ratee4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Value
- 46.4%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e3“The MFC of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL, which reduced spore survival rate to 40.0% and increased cell membrane permeability”
e4“After 8 days of storage, the treatment group showed 68.3% higher firmness, 52.5% higher VC content, and 46.4% lower weight loss rate than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
In treated strawberries the abundance of spoilage microorganisms, including Alternaria and Pantoea, decreased
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- clove extracte3
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae5pathogen - Outcome
- abundance of spoilage microorganismse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PantoeaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e3“The MFC of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL, which reduced spore survival rate to 40.0% and increased cell membrane permeability”
e5“The abundance of spoilage microorganisms (e.g., Alternaria , Pantoea) decreased, while beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bacillus ) increased in the treatment group”
Claim · model-written summary
In treated strawberries the abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Bacillus, increased
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- clove extracte3
- Interactor
- Bacilluse5other
- Outcome
- beneficial bacteriae5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e3“The MFC of clove extract against A. alternata was 30 mg/mL, which reduced spore survival rate to 40.0% and increased cell membrane permeability”
e5“The abundance of spoilage microorganisms (e.g., Alternaria , Pantoea) decreased, while beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bacillus ) increased in the treatment group”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove extract preserves strawberries by directly damaging the cell membrane of A. alternata
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Clove extracte6
- Outcome
- preserves strawberriese6
- Qualifier
- directly damaging the cell membrane of A. alternatae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e6“Clove extract preserves strawberries by directly damaging the cell membrane of A. alternata and reshaping the fruit surface microbial community”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove extract reshapes the fruit surface microbial community of strawberries
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Clove extracte6
- Outcome
- fruit surface microbial communitye6
- Qualifier
- reshapinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e6“Clove extract preserves strawberries by directly damaging the cell membrane of A. alternata and reshaping the fruit surface microbial community”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove extract is proposed as a green alternative for postharvest preservation of strawberries
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- green alternative for postharvest preservatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preservative effects of clove extract against Alternaria alternata on postharvest strawberries”
e7“providing a green alternative for postharvest preservation”
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