Abstract
Heavy metal-induced stress is an abiotic form of stress that significantly restricts crop yield and quality. This stress affects plants at all stages, but they are particularly vulnerable as seedlings, when it can directly influence later growth and development. Cd 2+ is an important heavy metal stressor and negatively influences plant growth. However, the regulation mechanism underlying Cd 2+ stress resistance has not been adequately elucidated, especially in major cultivars, which restricts the application of Cd 2+ resistance. Here, exogenously applied melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was tested on rice seedlings as a practical solution to enhance the plants’ stress tolerance. The modern variety Longjing 203 was used for the experiments due to its extensive cultivation in Heilongjiang Province, China. Seedlings were treated with 50μMol/L CdCl 2 and 100μMol/L exogenous melatonin to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying exogenous melatonin’s ability to enhance Cd 2+ tolerance. The results revealed that Cd 2+ -induced stress limited growth, while melatonin alleviated the stress-induced damage on seedlings. Specifically, differentially expressed gene (DEGs) analysis showed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was enriched in plants treated with melatonin, which was also verified by qRT-PCR, enriched enzyme activity assays, and molecular docking. Also, the results of lignin content and Cd 2+ distribution in subcellular compartments indicated that melatonin promoted lignin accumulation and intercepted Cd 2+ into the cell wall, limiting influx into organelles and the cytoplasm. Then, the group of applied melatonin had shown to enhance stress tolerance by reducing DNA damage, as evidenced by the DNA cross-linking, 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanine levels, relative density of apurinic sites, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. These findings also revealed that exogenous melatonin relieved cellular damage caused by Cd 2+ by reinforcing the cell wall lignin barrier to regulate cellular homeostasis. • Phenotypic and physiological analyses revealed that melatonin enhanced Cd 2+ tolerance. • The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was regulated by melatonin. • Lignin enhanced Cd 2+ interception and preserved cellular homeostasis.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress limited growth of rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Cd 2+ -induced stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd 2+ -induced stress limited growth”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin alleviated cadmium-induced seedling damage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- stress-induced damagee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin alleviated the stress-induced damage on seedlings”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was enriched after melatonin treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathwaye0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was enriched in plants treated with melatonin”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin promoted lignin accumulation in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- lignin accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin promoted lignin accumulation”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased cadmium interception in the cell wall and limited influx into organelles and cytoplasm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- Cd 2+ into the cell walle0
- Qualifier
- limiting influx into organelles and the cytoplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin promoted lignin accumulation and intercepted Cd 2+ into the cell wall, limiting influx into organelles and the cytoplasm”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin reduced DNA damage under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- DNA damagee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applied melatonin had shown to enhance stress tolerance by reducing DNA damage”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute reduced cadmium-induced cellular damage to reinforcement of the lignin cell-wall barrier.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonine0
- Outcome
- cellular damage caused by Cd 2+e0
- Qualifier
- reinforcing the cell wall lignin barriere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous melatonin relieved cellular damage caused by Cd 2+ by reinforcing the cell wall lignin barrier to regulate cellular homeostasis”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.