Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of seed inoculation with single or multipleplant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains on yield in spring wheat(Triticum aestivum spp. vulgare var. Kırık) and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Tokak)plants in both greenhouse and field conditions during the years 2007 and 2008. Thetreatments of wheat and barley plants during the first year included: (1) Control(no inoculation and no fertilizer), (2) Bacillus OSU-142 (B.OSU-142), (3) Bacillusmegaterium M3 (B. megaterium M3), (4) Azospirillum brasilense Sp.245 (A. brasilenseSp.245), (5) Mixed 1 (B.OSU-142 + Bacillus M3 + Azospirillum AB-245),(6) Bacillus megaterium RC07 (B. megaterium RC07), (7) Paenibacillus polymyxaRC05, (8) Bacillus licheniformis RC08, (9) mineral nitrogen N1 (80 kg N ha-1) and(10) N2 (40 kg N ha-1in the form of urea). In the second year treatments were:(1) Raoutella terrigena (R. Terrigena), (2) Burkholderia cepacia FS Tur(B. cepacia FS Tur), (3) B. OSU-142 ARM, (4) B. M3 ARM, (5) A. sp.245 ARM,(6) P. polymyxa RC14, (7) B. megaterium RC10, (8) Mixed 2 (Bacillus OSU-142+Bacillus M3+ Azospirillum brasilense sp.245 + 40 kg N ha) in addition to the firstyear treatments. Greenhouse and the two years of field trials at two sites showed thatseed inoculation with bacterial strains significantly affected yield, yield componentsand quality parameters both in spring wheat and barley. In greenhouse trials, singleinoculations of seeds with PGPRs gave root and shoot weight increases by11.0-16.5% and 14.4-30.4% in wheat and by 10.3-18.8% and 11.9-21.5% in barley.Combinations of three bacteria increased root and shoots weight by 18.3-31.5% inwheat and by 21.4-23.8 in barley and bacterial inoculations also increased grainyield by 4.3-18.5% in wheat and 8.3-19.1% in barley, respectively. In field conditions wheat grain yields were increased by 25.6-40.4%, 17.4-25.2% and31.4% while barley seed yield were increased by 16.2-33.7%, 4.2-14.4 and 16.8%with N fertilizer, single and combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculations comparedto control. Plant-growth responses were variable and depended on the inoculantsstrain, plant species and growth parameters evaluated. In conclusion, seedinoculations with bacteria especially B. OSU-142, A. brasilense sp.245 andcombinations of bacteria may satisfy nitrogen requirements of wheat and barleyunder green house and field conditions even in lowland and upland areas. Thepresent results indicate that the selected bacterial isolates and multiplecombinations did promote the growth and quality of wheat and barley in ways thatcould be harnessed to practical benefit for the farmer and consistent withsustainable and/or organic agricultural practices in Turkey.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Single PGPR inoculation increased wheat root weight by 11.0–16.5%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- singleinoculations of seeds with PGPRse0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 11.0-16.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“singleinoculations of seeds with PGPRs gave root and shoot weight increases by11.0-16.5% and 14.4-30.4% in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Single PGPR inoculation increased wheat shoot weight by 14.4–30.4%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- singleinoculations of seeds with PGPRse0
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 14.4-30.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“singleinoculations of seeds with PGPRs gave root and shoot weight increases by11.0-16.5% and 14.4-30.4% in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Single PGPR inoculation increased barley root weight by 10.3–18.8%.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- singleinoculations of seeds with PGPRse0
- Outcome
- root and shoot weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 10.3-18.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“singleinoculations of seeds with PGPRs gave root and shoot weight increases by11.0-16.5% and 14.4-30.4% in wheat and by 10.3-18.8% and 11.9-21.5% in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Single PGPR inoculation increased barley shoot weight by 11.9–21.5%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- singleinoculations of seeds with PGPRse0
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 11.9-21.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“singleinoculations of seeds with PGPRs gave root and shoot weight increases by11.0-16.5% and 14.4-30.4% in wheat and by 10.3-18.8% and 11.9-21.5% in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-bacterium combinations increased wheat root and shoot weight by 18.3–31.5%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Combinations of three bacteriae0
- Outcome
- root and shoots weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.3-31.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combinations of three bacteria increased root and shoots weight by 18.3-31.5% inwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-bacterium combinations increased barley root and shoot weight by 21.4–23.8.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Combinations of three bacteriae0
- Outcome
- root and shoots weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.4-23.8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combinations of three bacteria increased root and shoots weight by 18.3-31.5% inwheat and by 21.4-23.8 in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculations increased wheat grain yield by 4.3–18.5%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculationse0
- Outcome
- grainyielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.3-18.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial inoculations also increased grainyield by 4.3-18.5% in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculations increased barley grain yield by 8.3–19.1%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculationse0
- Outcome
- grainyielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.3-19.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial inoculations also increased grainyield by 4.3-18.5% in wheat and 8.3-19.1% in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased wheat field grain yield by 25.6–40.4% against control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.6-40.4%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grain yields were increased by 25.6-40.4%, 17.4-25.2% and31.4% while barley seed yield were increased by 16.2-33.7%, 4.2-14.4 and 16.8%with N fertilizer, single and combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculations comparedto control”
Claim · model-written summary
Single bacterial inoculations increased wheat field grain yield by 17.4–25.2% against control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- singlee0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.4-25.2%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grain yields were increased by 25.6-40.4%, 17.4-25.2% and31.4% while barley seed yield were increased by 16.2-33.7%, 4.2-14.4 and 16.8%with N fertilizer, single and combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculations comparedto control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial inoculation increased wheat field grain yield by 31.4% against control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculationse0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.4%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grain yields were increased by 25.6-40.4%, 17.4-25.2% and31.4% while barley seed yield were increased by 16.2-33.7%, 4.2-14.4 and 16.8%with N fertilizer, single and combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculations comparedto control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased barley field seed yield by 16.2–33.7% against control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- barley seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.2-33.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barley seed yield were increased by 16.2-33.7%, 4.2-14.4 and 16.8%with N fertilizer, single and combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculations comparedto control”
Claim · model-written summary
Single bacterial inoculations increased barley field seed yield by 4.2–14.4 against control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- singlee0
- Outcome
- barley seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.2-14.4e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barley seed yield were increased by 16.2-33.7%, 4.2-14.4 and 16.8%with N fertilizer, single and combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculations comparedto control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial inoculation increased barley field seed yield by 16.8% against control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculationse0
- Outcome
- barley seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barley seed yield were increased by 16.2-33.7%, 4.2-14.4 and 16.8%with N fertilizer, single and combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculations comparedto control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial seed inoculation significantly affected yield, yield components and quality in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed inoculation with bacterial strainse0
- Outcome
- yield, yield componentsand quality parameterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed inoculation with bacterial strains significantly affected yield, yield componentsand quality parameters both in spring wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial seed inoculation significantly affected yield, yield components and quality in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- seed inoculation with bacterial strainse0
- Outcome
- yield, yield componentsand quality parameterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed inoculation with bacterial strains significantly affected yield, yield componentsand quality parameters both in spring wheat and barley”
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