Abstract
Purpose: Rice is an essential diet for more than half of the world’s inhabitants and subjected to growth in heavy metal-contaminated soil. Rice accumulates heavy metals in the above and below ground parts; the magnitude of accumulation depends upon the plant's available form of heavy metals in the soil. One such heavy metal is cobalt, which its concentration has been manifolded in post-industrial activities, leading to a high soil Co concentration. Cobalt is a component of Vitamin B12 and many enzymes. Humans can’t synthesize these enzymes, and consumption of Co-enriched grain can lead to Co toxicity in humans. The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of vermicompost conjugated with an optimum dose of Co for rice plants grown in an Inceptisol. Method: The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) comprising nine treatments. The treatment received vermicompost, Co in the form of cobalt chloride, and the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Results: The results indicated that the application of Co at lower concentration was beneficial for rice growth without any hyperaccumulation, resulting in a significant increase of 46% and 22% in grain and straw yield, respectively. A comparable trend was also observed for Nitrogen uptake, which increased by 2 and 1.5 times over RDF in grain and straw, respectively. In contrast, higher Co application rates, either alone or in combination with vermicompost, resulted in a 10–15% reduction in cobalt uptake in grains. These findings suggest that vermicompost plays a critical role in regulating and optimizing cobalt uptake under higher Co application levels. Conclusion: Overall, vermicompost and the lower doses of Co provide a better yield in rice without any phytotoxicity. Highlights: · Vermicompost and low-dose Co boosted rice yield by up to 46% over recommended dose of fertilizer · Improved N, Fe, Mn and Zn uptake without Co hyperaccumulation in grain. · Vermicompost raised soil OC and reduced Co uptake, enhancing food safety. · Higher Co (>10 mg kg⁻¹) induced phytotoxicity, lowering growth and yield. · Integrated vermicompost and Co management supports soil and crop health.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Lower cobalt application increased rice grain yield by 46%.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Co at lower concentratione0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Co at lower concentration was beneficial for rice growth without any hyperaccumulation, resulting in a significant increase of 46% and 22% in grain and straw yield, respectively”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower cobalt application increased rice straw yield by 22%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Co at lower concentratione0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Co at lower concentration was beneficial for rice growth without any hyperaccumulation, resulting in a significant increase of 46% and 22% in grain and straw yield, respectively”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nitrogen uptake increased twofold over recommended fertilizer.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2e0
- Comparator
- RDFe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen uptake, which increased by 2 and 1.5 times over RDF in grain and straw, respectively”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw nitrogen uptake increased 1.5 times over recommended fertilizer.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.5 timese0
- Comparator
- RDFe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen uptake, which increased by 2 and 1.5 times over RDF in grain and straw, respectively”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cobalt rates alone or with vermicompost reduced grain cobalt uptake by 10–15%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- higher Co application ratese0
- Outcome
- cobalt uptake in grainse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 10–15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Co application rates, either alone or in combination with vermicompost, resulted in a 10–15% reduction in cobalt uptake in grains”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased soil organic carbon.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- soil OCe0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost raised soil OC and reduced Co uptake”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost reduced cobalt uptake.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- Co uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost raised soil OC and reduced Co uptake”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt above 10 mg kg⁻¹ induced phytotoxicity and lowered growth and yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Co (>10 mg kg⁻¹)e0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher Co (>10 mg kg⁻¹) induced phytotoxicity, lowering growth and yield”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
cobalt atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →cobalt atom · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fertilization · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
931 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
989 papers more in this group
See all 993 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.