Abstract
In wheat production, improving resource utilization and grain yield has been a longstanding goal that researchers have been pursuing. This study aimed to investigate whether regulated nitrogen (N) and molybdenum (Mo) fertilizer management could enhance wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). This study reports the effects of three N application levels (N0: 0 kg N ha-1, N1: 75 kg N ha-1, N2: 150 kg N ha-1) and a combination of three Mo application levels (Mo1: 0 kg Na2MoO4 ha-1, Mo2: 0.75 kg Na2MoO4 ha-1, Mo3: 1.5 kg Na2MoO4 ha-1) on N metabolism, NUE, and yield in wheat. The results showed that average grain yield increased by 61.78% under the different N input, and 11.71% under the different Mo input levels. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) and partial factor productivity (PEPN) significantly (P < 0.01) increased at the low N rates (N1) but significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at high N rates (N2). NAE and PEPN were significantly (P < 0.01) different among different Mo input levels. NAE significantly decreased with the increasing Mo input. Conversely, PEPN increased with increaseing Mo input, the N1 + Mo3 had the highest PEPN.With the increase of Mo, the leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate increased significantly at all growth stages. Compared with Mo1, the leaf area index (LAI) of Mo2 and Mo3 increased by 13.68% and 19.33%, respectively, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 26.47% and 45.07%. Compared with Mo0(control), NR, GS and GOGAT increased by 1.15%, 4.60%, and 1.95% in N1 and by 3.80%, 7.31%, and 4.94% in N2, respectively. We conclude that high Mo and low nitrogen input could prolong the duration of green leaves, enhance the activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes during the middle and late growth stages, and improve spikelets number per spike and N metabolism, thereby having potential to increase wheat yield and NUE.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Different N input increased average grain yield by 61.78%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- different N inpute0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61.78%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average grain yield increased by 61.78% under the different N input”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Different Mo input increased average grain yield by 11.71%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- different Mo input levelse0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 11.71%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“11.71% under the different Mo input levels”
e1“average grain yield increased”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N rates significantly increased NAE, NRE and PEPN.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low N rates (N1)e0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) and partial factor productivity (PEPN)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) and partial factor productivity (PEPN) significantly (P < 0.01) increased at the low N rates (N1)”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
High N rates significantly decreased NAE, NRE and PEPN.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high N rates (N2)e0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) and partial factor productivity (PEPN)e1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at high N rates (N2)”
e1“Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) and partial factor productivity (PEPN)”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
NAE significantly decreased as Mo input increased.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing Mo inpute0
- Outcome
- NAEe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAE significantly decreased with the increasing Mo input”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
PEPN increased as Mo input increased, highest for N1 + Mo3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increaseing Mo inpute0
- Outcome
- PEPNe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- N1 + Mo3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PEPN increased with increaseing Mo input, the N1 + Mo3 had the highest PEPN”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Mo significantly increased leaf area index at all growth stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase of Moe0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the increase of Mo, the leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate increased significantly at all growth stages”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Mo significantly increased net photosynthetic rate at all growth stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase of Moe0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the increase of Mo, the leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate increased significantly at all growth stages”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo treatment changed leaf area index (LAI) by 13.68%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Mo2e0
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.68%e0
- Comparator
- Mo1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo1, the leaf area index (LAI) of Mo2 and Mo3 increased by 13.68% and 19.33%, respectively, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 26.47% and 45.07%”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo treatment changed leaf area index (LAI) by 19.33%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Mo3e0
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.33%e0
- Comparator
- Mo1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo1, the leaf area index (LAI) of Mo2 and Mo3 increased by 13.68% and 19.33%, respectively, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 26.47% and 45.07%”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo treatment changed photosynthetic rate by 26.47%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Mo2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.47%e0
- Comparator
- Mo1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo1, the leaf area index (LAI) of Mo2 and Mo3 increased by 13.68% and 19.33%, respectively, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 26.47% and 45.07%”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo treatment changed photosynthetic rate by 45.07%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Mo3e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45.07%e0
- Comparator
- Mo1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo1, the leaf area index (LAI) of Mo2 and Mo3 increased by 13.68% and 19.33%, respectively, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 26.47% and 45.07%”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
NR activity increased by 1.15% under N1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1e0
- Outcome
- NRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.15%e0
- Comparator
- Mo0(control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo0(control), NR, GS and GOGAT increased by 1.15%, 4.60%, and 1.95% in N1 and by 3.80%, 7.31%, and 4.94% in N2, respectively”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
GS activity increased by 4.60% under N1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1e0
- Outcome
- GSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.60%e0
- Comparator
- Mo0(control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo0(control), NR, GS and GOGAT increased by 1.15%, 4.60%, and 1.95% in N1 and by 3.80%, 7.31%, and 4.94% in N2, respectively”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
GOGAT activity increased by 1.95% under N1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1e0
- Outcome
- GOGATe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.95%e0
- Comparator
- Mo0(control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo0(control), NR, GS and GOGAT increased by 1.15%, 4.60%, and 1.95% in N1 and by 3.80%, 7.31%, and 4.94% in N2, respectively”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
NR activity increased by 3.80% under N2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N2e0
- Outcome
- NRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.80%e0
- Comparator
- Mo0(control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo0(control), NR, GS and GOGAT increased by 1.15%, 4.60%, and 1.95% in N1 and by 3.80%, 7.31%, and 4.94% in N2, respectively”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
GS activity increased by 7.31% under N2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N2e0
- Outcome
- GSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.31%e0
- Comparator
- Mo0(control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo0(control), NR, GS and GOGAT increased by 1.15%, 4.60%, and 1.95% in N1 and by 3.80%, 7.31%, and 4.94% in N2, respectively”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
GOGAT activity increased by 4.94% under N2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N2e0
- Outcome
- GOGATe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.94%e0
- Comparator
- Mo0(control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Mo0(control), NR, GS and GOGAT increased by 1.15%, 4.60%, and 1.95% in N1 and by 3.80%, 7.31%, and 4.94% in N2, respectively”
t0“wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded high Mo and low N prolong green leaf duration and improve spikelet number and nitrogen metabolism.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- prolong the duration of green leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high Mo and low nitrogen input could prolong the duration of green leaves, enhance the activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes during the middle and late growth stages, and improve spikelets number per spike and N metabolism”
t0“wheat cultivars”
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