Abstract
A significant number of crop species and their associated agricultural landscapes are impacted by soil salinity, which severely hampers germination and seedling establishment. Developing salt-tolerant germplasm and improving screening methods are critical priorities for plant breeding programs. This study used sorghum as a model to evaluate germination and early growth responses in 100 accessions under control and 150 mM NaCl conditions. Multiple indices were used to develop a numeric salt tolerance score (STS), minimizing baseline growth effects to better reflect true stress responses. Multivariate approaches, including PCA, cluster analysis, and machine learning, were employed to assess salt tolerance. Salt stress significantly reduced germination traits such as germination index, rate, and vigor. The STS proved effective in ranking accessions for salt tolerance. Salt-tolerant accession showed upregulation of ion transport and homeostasis genes ( SbNHXLP , SbHKT1;4 , SbHKT1;5 , and SbCLCc ), and downregulation of certain transcription factors. Physiological analyses revealed lower sodium accumulation, higher K+/Na+ ratios, and enhanced antioxidant and osmotic regulation in tolerant accessions. These findings suggest that coordinated ion homeostasis and stress responses are likely determinants of salt tolerance during germination. This integrated screening system offers a valuable tool for early-stage breeding of salt-tolerant sorghum.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced germination traits (germination index, rate and vigor) of sorghum accessions relative to control conditions
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- germination traits such as germination index, rate, and vigore2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- controle1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study used sorghum as a model to evaluate germination and early growth responses in 100 accessions under control and 150 mM NaCl conditions”
e2“Salt stress significantly reduced germination traits such as germination index, rate, and vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
The salt tolerance score (STS) effectively ranked sorghum accessions for salt tolerance, minimizing baseline growth effects
- Material
- 100 accessionse1
- Outcome
- ranking accessions for salt tolerancee2
- Comparator
- baseline growth effectse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: no comparator or value is stated for the STS; the comparator field holds the baseline-growth correction the score is built to minimise
Verbatim
e1“This study used sorghum as a model to evaluate germination and early growth responses in 100 accessions under control and 150 mM NaCl conditions”
e2“The STS proved effective in ranking accessions for salt tolerance”
e3“minimizing baseline growth effects to better reflect true stress responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant sorghum accessions showed upregulation of ion transport and homeostasis genes (SbNHXLP, SbHKT1;4, SbHKT1;5, SbCLCc) under 150 mM NaCl
- Material
- Salt-tolerant accessione2
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle1
- Gene
- SbNHXLP, SbHKT1;4, SbHKT1;5, and SbCLCce2
- Outcome
- ion transport and homeostasis genese2
- Direction
- upregulatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study used sorghum as a model to evaluate germination and early growth responses in 100 accessions under control and 150 mM NaCl conditions”
e2“Salt-tolerant accession showed upregulation of ion transport and homeostasis genes ( SbNHXLP , SbHKT1;4 , SbHKT1;5 , and SbCLCc ), and downregulation of certain transcription factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant sorghum accessions showed downregulation of certain transcription factors under 150 mM NaCl
- Material
- Salt-tolerant accessione2
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- certain transcription factorse2
- Direction
- downregulatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study used sorghum as a model to evaluate germination and early growth responses in 100 accessions under control and 150 mM NaCl conditions”
e2“Salt-tolerant accession showed upregulation of ion transport and homeostasis genes ( SbNHXLP , SbHKT1;4 , SbHKT1;5 , and SbCLCc ), and downregulation of certain transcription factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant sorghum accessions had lower sodium accumulation during germination
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress responses in sorghum during seed germination”
e2“Physiological analyses revealed lower sodium accumulation, higher K+/Na+ ratios, and enhanced antioxidant and osmotic regulation in tolerant accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant sorghum accessions had higher K+/Na+ ratios during germination
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress responses in sorghum during seed germination”
e2“Physiological analyses revealed lower sodium accumulation, higher K+/Na+ ratios, and enhanced antioxidant and osmotic regulation in tolerant accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant sorghum accessions showed enhanced antioxidant and osmotic regulation under salt stress
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress responses in sorghum during seed germination”
e2“Physiological analyses revealed lower sodium accumulation, higher K+/Na+ ratios, and enhanced antioxidant and osmotic regulation in tolerant accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Coordinated ion homeostasis and stress responses are likely determinants of salt tolerance of sorghum during germination
- Outcome
- salt tolerance during germinatione2
- Qualifier
- coordinated ion homeostasis and stress responsese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress responses in sorghum during seed germination”
e2“These findings suggest that coordinated ion homeostasis and stress responses are likely determinants of salt tolerance during germination”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · SorghumResults differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.