Abstract
Sweet sorghum is an important sugar crop and forage with a strong tolerance to soil salinity. We have previously analyzed the ion accumulation traits and transcriptome of a sweet sorghum cultivar under NaCl treatments. However, the mechanisms underlying Na+, K+, Cl−, and NO3− transports and the osmotic adjustment of sweet sorghum under salt stresses need further investigations. In this study, the growth, photosynthesis, inorganic ion and organic solute contents, and leaf osmotic adjustment ability of the sweet sorghum cultivars “Lvjuren” and “Fengtian” under NaCl treatments were determined; meanwhile, the expressions of key genes associated with the Na+, K+, Cl−, and NO3− transport were analyzed using the qRT-PCR method. The results showed that NaCl treatments more severely inhibited the growth and photosynthesis of “Lvjuren” than those of “Fengtian”. After NaCl treatments, “Fengtian” could more efficiently restrict the overaccumulation of Na+ and Cl− in leaf blades than “Lvjuren” by withholding large amounts of Na+ in the roots or reserving high quantities of Cl− in the leaf sheaths, which could be attributed to the upregulated expressions of SbNHX2, SbHKT1;4, SbHKT1;5, SbCLCc, and SbCLCg or the downregulated expression of SbNPF6.4. “Fengtian” exhibited significantly lower leaf osmotic potential but higher leaf water potential and turgor pressure under NaCl treatments, suggesting that the former possessed a stronger osmotic ability than the latter. The contents of K+, NO3−, soluble sugar, and betaine in leaf blades, as well as the contributions of these osmolytes to the leaf osmotic potential, in “Fengtian” were significantly higher than those in “Lvjuren”. In addition, the upregulated expressions of SbAKT1, SbHAK5, SbSKOR, SbNPF3.1, SbNPF6.3, and SbNPF7.3 should be responsible for maintaining K+ and NO3− homeostasis under NaCl treatment. These results lay a foundation for uncovering the salt tolerance mechanisms of sweet sorghum and large-scale cultivation of this species in saline areas.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl inhibited growth more severely in Lvjuren than Fengtian.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatments more severely inhibited the growth and photosynthesis of “Lvjuren” than those of “Fengtian””
t0“Sweet Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl inhibited photosynthesis more severely in Lvjuren than Fengtian.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatments more severely inhibited the growth and photosynthesis of “Lvjuren” than those of “Fengtian””
t0“Sweet Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fengtian restricted sodium overaccumulation in leaf blades more efficiently than Lvjuren under NaCl.
Verbatim
e0““Fengtian” could more efficiently restrict the overaccumulation of Na+ and Cl− in leaf blades than “Lvjuren” by withholding large amounts of Na+ in the roots or reserving high quantities of Cl− in the leaf sheaths”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fengtian restricted chloride overaccumulation in leaf blades more efficiently than Lvjuren under NaCl.
Verbatim
e0““Fengtian” could more efficiently restrict the overaccumulation of Na+ and Cl− in leaf blades than “Lvjuren” by withholding large amounts of Na+ in the roots or reserving high quantities of Cl− in the leaf sheaths”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fengtian withheld large amounts of sodium in roots under NaCl.
Verbatim
e0“withholding large amounts of Na+ in the roots”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fengtian retained high chloride quantities in leaf sheaths under NaCl.
Verbatim
e0“reserving high quantities of Cl− in the leaf sheaths”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fengtian had lower leaf osmotic potential than Lvjuren under NaCl.
Verbatim
e0““Fengtian” exhibited significantly lower leaf osmotic potential but higher leaf water potential and turgor pressure under NaCl treatments”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fengtian had higher leaf water potential than Lvjuren under NaCl.
Verbatim
e0““Fengtian” exhibited significantly lower leaf osmotic potential but higher leaf water potential and turgor pressure under NaCl treatments”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fengtian had higher turgor pressure than Lvjuren under NaCl.
Verbatim
e0““Fengtian” exhibited significantly lower leaf osmotic potential but higher leaf water potential and turgor pressure under NaCl treatments”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fengtian had higher leaf potassium, nitrate and soluble sugar contents than Lvjuren.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of K+, NO3−, soluble sugar, and betaine in leaf blades, as well as the contributions of these osmolytes to the leaf osmotic potential, in “Fengtian” were significantly higher than those in “Lvjuren””
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fengtian had higher leaf betaine content than Lvjuren.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of K+, NO3−, soluble sugar, and betaine in leaf blades, as well as the contributions of these osmolytes to the leaf osmotic potential, in “Fengtian” were significantly higher than those in “Lvjuren””
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmolyte contributions to leaf osmotic potential were higher in Fengtian than Lvjuren.
Verbatim
e0“the contributions of these osmolytes to the leaf osmotic potential, in “Fengtian” were significantly higher than those in “Lvjuren””
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Upregulated SbNHX2, SbHKT1;4 and SbHKT1;5 expression may contribute to ion exclusion in Fengtian.
Verbatim
e0“which could be attributed to the upregulated expressions of SbNHX2, SbHKT1;4, SbHKT1;5, SbCLCc, and SbCLCg or the downregulated expression of SbNPF6.4”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Upregulated SbCLCc and SbCLCg expression may contribute to ion exclusion in Fengtian.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated expressions of SbNHX2, SbHKT1;4, SbHKT1;5, SbCLCc, and SbCLCg”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Downregulated SbNPF6.4 expression may contribute to ion exclusion in Fengtian.
Verbatim
e0“downregulated expression of SbNPF6.4”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Upregulated SbAKT1, SbHAK5 and SbSKOR expression may maintain potassium and nitrate homeostasis.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated expressions of SbAKT1, SbHAK5, SbSKOR, SbNPF3.1, SbNPF6.3, and SbNPF7.3 should be responsible for maintaining K+ and NO3− homeostasis under NaCl treatment”
t0“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Upregulated SbNPF3.1, SbNPF6.3 and SbNPF7.3 expression may maintain potassium and nitrate homeostasis.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated expressions of SbAKT1, SbHAK5, SbSKOR, SbNPF3.1, SbNPF6.3, and SbNPF7.3 should be responsible for maintaining K+ and NO3− homeostasis under NaCl treatment”
t0“sweet sorghum”
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