Abstract
Deficiencies of zinc and iron in soils not only diminish the productivity of forage crops but also lead to insufficient dietary intake of these micronutrients in livestock. The present study aimed to assess the quality of summer fodder maize (*Zea mays* L.) as influenced by agronomic biofortification with zinc and iron. A field experiment was carried out during the summer season of 2019 on medium black calcareous soil in Junagadh. The study included ten treatment combinations involving soil and foliar applications of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄, along with the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that nitrogen (1.63%), phosphorus (0.26%), and potassium (1.45%) and among micro-nutrients Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe of 54.83, 31.53, 27.50 and 143.77 ppm, respectively were recorded maximum when fodder maize was fertilized with the application of 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), except for crude fiber content. Among all the treatments, the application of 100:60:40 kg NPK ha⁻¹ along with foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 DAS (T7) was the most effective in improving green and dry fodder yield and fodder quality of maize, whereas the control treatment (T1) recorded the lowest quality parameters. Therefore, application of 100:60:40 kg NPK ha⁻¹ along with foliar spraying of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ are found most effective for improving fodder quality to support better animal health and productivity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RDF and foliar zinc and iron produced maximum maize nitrogen of 1.63%.
- Taxon
- fodder maizee0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“nitrogen (1.63%), phosphorus (0.26%), and potassium (1.45%) and among micro-nutrients Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe of 54.83, 31.53, 27.50 and 143.77 ppm, respectively were recorded maximum when fodder maize was fertilized with the application of 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RDF and foliar zinc and iron produced maximum maize phosphorus of 0.26%.
- Taxon
- fodder maizee0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“nitrogen (1.63%), phosphorus (0.26%), and potassium (1.45%) and among micro-nutrients Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe of 54.83, 31.53, 27.50 and 143.77 ppm, respectively were recorded maximum when fodder maize was fertilized with the application of 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RDF and foliar zinc and iron produced maximum maize potassium of 1.45%.
- Taxon
- fodder maizee0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.45%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“nitrogen (1.63%), phosphorus (0.26%), and potassium (1.45%) and among micro-nutrients Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe of 54.83, 31.53, 27.50 and 143.77 ppm, respectively were recorded maximum when fodder maize was fertilized with the application of 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RDF and foliar zinc and iron produced maximum maize Mn of 54.83.
- Taxon
- fodder maizee0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- Mne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 54.83e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“nitrogen (1.63%), phosphorus (0.26%), and potassium (1.45%) and among micro-nutrients Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe of 54.83, 31.53, 27.50 and 143.77 ppm, respectively were recorded maximum when fodder maize was fertilized with the application of 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RDF and foliar zinc and iron produced maximum maize Cu of 31.53.
- Taxon
- fodder maizee0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- Cue0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 31.53e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“nitrogen (1.63%), phosphorus (0.26%), and potassium (1.45%) and among micro-nutrients Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe of 54.83, 31.53, 27.50 and 143.77 ppm, respectively were recorded maximum when fodder maize was fertilized with the application of 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RDF and foliar zinc and iron produced maximum maize Zn of 27.50.
- Taxon
- fodder maizee0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 27.50e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“nitrogen (1.63%), phosphorus (0.26%), and potassium (1.45%) and among micro-nutrients Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe of 54.83, 31.53, 27.50 and 143.77 ppm, respectively were recorded maximum when fodder maize was fertilized with the application of 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RDF and foliar zinc and iron produced maximum maize Fe of 143.77 ppm.
- Taxon
- fodder maizee0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 143.77 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“nitrogen (1.63%), phosphorus (0.26%), and potassium (1.45%) and among micro-nutrients Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe of 54.83, 31.53, 27.50 and 143.77 ppm, respectively were recorded maximum when fodder maize was fertilized with the application of 100% RDF combined with foliar sprays of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 most effectively improved green and dry maize fodder yield.
- Treatment
- 100:60:40 kg NPK ha⁻¹ along with foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 DAS (T7)e0
- Outcome
- green and dry fodder yielde0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- control treatment (T1)e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“the application of 100:60:40 kg NPK ha⁻¹ along with foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 DAS (T7) was the most effective in improving green and dry fodder yield and fodder quality of maize, whereas the control treatment (T1) recorded the lowest quality parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 most effectively improved maize fodder quality, while the control had the lowest quality parameters.
- Treatment
- 100:60:40 kg NPK ha⁻¹ along with foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 DAS (T7)e0
- Outcome
- fodder qualitye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- control treatment (T1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“the application of 100:60:40 kg NPK ha⁻¹ along with foliar application of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ at 30 and 45 DAS (T7) was the most effective in improving green and dry fodder yield and fodder quality of maize, whereas the control treatment (T1) recorded the lowest quality parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend NPK and foliar zinc and iron to improve fodder quality.
Verbatim
t0“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“application of 100:60:40 kg NPK ha⁻¹ along with foliar spraying of 0.2% ZnSO₄ and 1.0% FeSO₄ are found most effective for improving fodder quality”
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See all 161 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.